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HDPE pipe is a type of flexible plastic pipe used to transfer fluids and gases. It is often employed for replacing aging concrete or steel main pipelines. Constructed from the thermoplastic HDPE (high-density polyethylene), it has low permeability and robust molecular bonding, making it suitable for high-pressure pipelines. HDPE pipe is often used for water mains, gas mains,[1] sewer mains, slurry transfer lines, rural irrigation, fire-suppression system supply lines, electrical and communication conduits, and stormwater and drainage pipes.[2][3]
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HDPE communications conduit pipe being installed by directional drilling in Perth, Western AustraliaHDPE is resistant to many environmental factors and has applications where cheap but durable fluid piping systems are required. According to a press release from the Plastics Pipe Institute, "PE [polyethylene] piping has been used for water and other fluids in Europe and America since the 1950s due to its durability, leak-free joints, resistance to corrosion, and long-term cost-effectiveness".[promotion?]
HDPE pipe can be joined by butt welding, electrofusion welding, socket welding, or extrusion welding. These joints heat the pipe during the joining process to create a completely homogeneous joint without the need for additional seals or jointing compounds, reducing the likelihood of failure or negative environmental effects. HDPE is less likely than PVC pipe to have problems with root intrusion and provides integrity for the pipeline, even when installed in unstable soils.[citation needed]
Due to the fusion welding system, HDPE pipe does not need any additional supports around joints. This also allows for safer excavation close to the pipeline in the future, which is particularly important for high-pressure gas pipelines. HDPE pipe is highly durable and flexible even at lower ambient temperatures, enabling bends in the pipe system to be created with relative ease. Due to its high impact resistance and flexibility, HDPE pipe is well-suited for installation in dynamic soils, including those in earthquake-prone areas. HDPE has been considered to be cost-effective due to its versatility in installation and reduced need for maintenance.[4][promotion?]
Because food-grade polyethylene virgin material is used to fabricate HDPE pipes, they are safe for the transfer of drinking water. HDPE is resistant to many chemicals, facilitating its use in process plants or in corrosive or acidic environments without use of protective coatings or galvanization. As HDPE has a lower thermal conductivity than many metals it can maintain more uniform temperatures than metal pipes when carrying fluids, which reduces the need for insulation around a pipeline.[5]
Freshly extruded HDPE PipeManufacturing
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To make lengths of HDPE pipe, polyethylene raw material is dried, heated to ~180 °C (356 °F), and extruded through a die.
Polyethylene pipe is usually black due to the addition of 3-5% of carbon black to the clear polyethylene material, which adds UV light resistance to the finished pipe. To create striped HDPE pipe a different die is used, containing small channels that the colored material runs through just before it is pushed through the die. Co-extruded, or co-ex HDPE pipe has an extra 'skin' of color around the black HDPE pipe, allowing the pipe to be colored on the outside for the identification of thermal cooling requirements.
After coming through the die the pipe is cooled by submerging in or spraying with water. The rate of cooling is carefully controlled to avoid deformation of the extruded pipe. Once cooled, a laser or powder printer prints the size, type, date, and manufacturer's name on the side of the pipe. It is then cut by a saw cutter or coiled into longer lengths on a coiler.
HDPE pipe with blue stripesLongevity
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HDPE piping is estimated to last 50 years. However, technical white papers written by the Plastics Industry Pipe Association assert that HDPE pipe systems can be reasonably expected to last up to, or over 100 years.[6]
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HDPE and PE pipes both serve similar functions, yet they differ in a few important ways. Here, we look at the differences between HDPE and PE pipe strength, service life, corrosion resistance, and more.
HDPE pipe is a type of plastic pipe that’s used to transfer fluids and gases or to replace ageing concrete or steel mains pipelines. HDPE pipe (which stands for high-density polyethylene pipe) is flexible, highly impermeable, and suitable for high pressure pipelines. Most commonly, HDPE pipe can be seen in use for water mains, gas mains, sewer mains, slurry transfer lines, rural irrigation, fire system supply lines, electrical conduits, communication conduits and drainage pipes.
PE pipe (which stands for polyethylene pipe) is a broader term that refers to any thermoplastic pipe made from ethylene gas. PE pipe comes in numerous styles including low-density, cross-linked, ultra-low-molecular-weight, high-molecular-weight, medium-density, ultrahigh molecular weight, chlorinated, and linear low-density.
HDPE is a type of PE pipe. However, HDPE pipes are more durable than other PE pipes because they come with high melting and impact points. HDPE pipe is tough, resistant to chemicals, resistant to corrosion, and light in weight.
When comparing HDPE pipe strength to PE pipe strength, it’s important to consider the material, thickness and quality of the specific PE pipe, since PE pipe comes in a range of styles. Generally, HDPE pipe is considered a highly durable pipe, especially when jointing is considered; HDPE pipe can be joined by butt welding, electrofusion welding, socket welding or extrusion welding. These welds create a homogenous joint that is at least as strong as (if not stronger than) the existing pipe, with no need for rubber seals or jointing chemicals. As a result, HDPE pipe has a longer lifespan and is less likely to be affected by root intrusion.
In addition to durability, HDPE pipe features low thermal conductivity, meaning it can retain the normal operating temperatures despite outside factors. Unlike the ordinary PE pipes, HDPE pipes are rust-resistant and highly reliable. HDPE pipes maintain the initial flow capacity despite the prevailing environmental factors, and little to no maintenance costs are needed to keep them working.
Unlike other piping systems that corrode over time, HDPE pipe does not rot, rust or corrode. It is resistant to chemicals and biological growth, meaning the pipe has a long service life and saves money on repairs and replacement.
The life expectancy for HDPE pipe can stretch between 50 to 100 years, depending on the application, design and installation. This makes it one of the longest-lasting pipes available.
Unlike other popular pipe systems, HDPE pipe can be joined by butt welding, electrofusion welding, socket welding or extrusion welding. These welds create a homogenous joint that is at least as strong as the existing pipe and are virtually leak-free.
Most PE piping systems must be installed by digging a ditch, which results in pedestrian, traffic and environmental disruptions. HDPE can be installed using an open-cut method, or through the use of eco-friendly trenchless technology. This technology can also be used to install HDPE pipes under creeks, rivers, lakes and roads with minimal environmental disruptions.
HDPE pipe has a smaller environmental impact than most other types of PE pipe. HDPE is lightweight and more cost effective to transport than metal pipes. Due to HDPE flexibility and the use of heat fusion joints, fewer fittings are required. During trenchless installation, smaller pipe can be used which results in less ground disruption. HDPE pipe joints negate harmful leaks, and HDPE does not emit toxins into the air during production or during use. For all of these reasons, HDPE is recognized for its minimal impact on the environment.
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