The insulation choices we make can significantly impact the amount of embodied carbon that is in our construction projects. Last year, I set about determining how much of an impact different materials have. I also wanted to find a way to make the materials selection process easier for others.
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The lifecycle cost of carbon involved in building construction can be measured by the global warming potential (GWP) associated with the manufacturing and use of each building component. This is measured in carbon dioxide equivalence (CO2e).
My focus was specifically on insulation, which is a product that customers and contractors generally choose based on cost, durability, availability, and building science. A materials GWP is not typically a decision driver.
Since there wasnt a broadly accepted way to both easily and scientifically measure carbon for insulation materials, I began by looking at Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs). These detailed reports are published by manufacturers and trade organizations, and provide loads of data on life cycle costs. See Figure 1 for an overview of how that data gets broken up.
Life cycle stages as defined in the European standard EN
I looked at insulation products that cover a lot of square footage in the construction or renovation of foundations, above-grade walls, and ceilings. From there, I made a list of available products ranging from blueboard to fiberglass to wood-fiber insulation, and then compiled every available EPDthe list included close to 200 materials. Priority was given to non-expired EPDs (they have a 5-year shelf life) for products manufactured in North America, but European-manufactured materials were acceptable if no North American products existed or the source was exclusively European.
Most EPDs report GWP based on one square meter of the thickness of material needed to reach RSI-1, which is R-5.678 in imperial units. If
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