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Tizanidine is used to help relax certain muscles in your body. It relieves spasms, cramping, and tightness of the muscles caused by medical problems, such as multiple sclerosis or certain injuries to the spine. Tizanidine does not cure these problems, but it may allow other treatment, such as physical therapy, to be more helpful in improving your condition.
Tizanidine acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to produce its muscle relaxant effects. Its actions on the CNS may also cause some of the medicine's side effects.
This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.
This product is available in the following dosage forms:
In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.
Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of tizanidine in the pediatric population. Safety and efficacy have not been established.
Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatrics-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of tizanidine in the elderly. However, elderly patients are more likely to have kidney problems, which may require caution in patients receiving this medicine.
There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.
Using this medicine with any of the following is usually not recommended, but may be unavoidable in some cases. If used together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use this medicine, or give you special instructions about the use of food, alcohol, or tobacco.
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:
Take this medicine only as directed by your doctor. Do not take more of it and do not take it more often than your doctor ordered. To do so may increase the chance of side effects.
When you take the different dosage forms (tablets, capsules, capsule contents sprinkled over applesauce) of tizanidine with food, it affects the amount of the medicine absorbed into your blood differently. Follow your doctor's instructions for when to take this medicine and whether or not you should take it with food.
The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.
It is important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits, especially during the first few weeks of treatment with this medicine. This will allow your doctor to see if the medicine is working properly and to check for unwanted effects. Blood tests may be needed to check for unwanted effects.
Do not use this medicine together with ciprofloxacin or fluvoxamine. Using these medicines together may cause serious unwanted effects.
Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting may occur when you get up suddenly from a lying or sitting position. Getting up slowly may help lessen this problem.
Check with your doctor right away if you have pain or tenderness in the upper stomach, pale stools, dark urine, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, or yellow eyes or skin. These could be symptoms of a serious liver problem.
This medicine will add to the effects of alcohol and other CNS depressants (medicines that make you drowsy or less alert). Some examples of CNS depressants are antihistamines or medicine for hay fever, other allergies, or colds, sedatives, tranquilizers, or sleeping medicine, prescription pain medicine or narcotics, barbiturates, medicine for seizures, other muscle relaxants, or anesthetics, including some dental anesthetics. Check with your doctor before taking any of the above while you are using tizanidine.
This medicine may cause dizziness, drowsiness, lightheadedness, clumsiness or unsteadiness, or vision problems in some people. Make sure you know how you react to this medicine before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are not alert, well-coordinated, and able to see well.
Hallucinations (visual) may occur while you are using this medicine. Check with your doctor right away if you have hallucinations (seeing things that are not there).
This medicine may cause serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Call your doctor right away if you have a rash, itching, trouble breathing, trouble swallowing, or any swelling of your hands, face, or mouth while you are using this medicine.
Do not suddenly stop taking this medicine without checking first with your doctor. Your doctor may want you to gradually reduce the amount you are using before stopping completely. This may help prevent a possible worsening of your condition and reduce the possibility of withdrawal symptoms.
Tizanidine may cause dryness of the mouth. For temporary relief, use sugarless candy or gum, melt bits of ice in your mouth, or use a saliva substitute. However, if dry mouth continues for more than 2 weeks, check with your medical doctor or dentist. Continuing dryness of the mouth may increase the chance of dental disease, including tooth decay, gum disease, and fungus infections.
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur:
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-.
Fo-ti (Polygonum multiflorum) is an herb native to China and other parts of Asia. Historically, the roots of the herb have been used to make medicine.
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), fo-ti has been used for various health ailments. It is also thought to be beneficial for anti-aging.
Although fo-ti is thought to cause few side effects, using it may lead to liver damage (hepatotoxicity). Therefore, it is important to consult a healthcare provider about its use.
This article will explore many potential uses of fo-ti, as well as information regarding side effects, interactions, precautions, and dosing.
Dietary supplements are not regulated like drugs in the United States, meaning the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not approve them for safety and effectiveness before products are marketed. When possible, choose a supplement tested by a trusted third party, such as USP, ConsumerLabs, or NSF.
However, even if supplements are third-party tested, that doesn&#;t mean they are necessarily safe for all or effective in general. Therefore, it is important to talk to your healthcare provider about any supplements you plan to take and check in about potential interactions with other supplements or medications.
Uses of Fo-Ti
Supplement use should be individualized and vetted by a healthcare professional, such as a registered dietitian, pharmacist, or healthcare provider. No supplement is intended to treat, cure, or prevent disease.
Fo-ti has been used for centuries in TCM. And while it has many reported uses, many of these are not well-supported by scientific evidence. Much of the evidence surrounding fo-ti is anecdotal.
Although some preliminary laboratory and animal research suggests that fo-ti may have certain beneficial effects, there's currently a lack of clinical trials to support these findings.
Below is a look at some of the research on fo-ti and its uses.
Aging
Fo-ti has been researched for its potential role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, both of which are typically diagnosed in the aging population.
According to preliminary research, active components in fo-ti are thought to have neuroprotective and antioxidant effects that may help slow the progression of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Other active ingredients in fo-ti are thought to enhance learning and memory.
Unfortunately, these claims only come from animal and lab studies. Human trials need to be performed to confirm the potential role of fo-ti in treating Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
Inflammation
Some research suggests that fo-ti may have anti-inflammatory properties.
Lab and animal studies have shown its ability to activate specific cell signaling pathways that block inflammation. One study on mice found that it reduced the severity of edema (swelling).
Once again, though, human trials should be performed to confirm that fo-ti can, indeed, fight inflammation.
Badagnani/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY 3.0
Hyperlipidemia
Fo-ti may have antioxidant effects that may benefit people with hyperlipidemia (high blood fat levels).
Active ingredients in fo-ti, specifically antioxidants, may decrease low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood. Researchers believe fo-ti could also help increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or "good cholesterol."
As with other potential uses of fo-ti, the research surrounding its use for hyperlipidemia is only preliminary. Human trials should be completed.
Other Uses
There may be other claimed uses of fo-ti in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the issue remains that more well-designed research is needed to support these claims.
What Are the Side Effects of Fo-Ti?
Fo-ti may cause some side effects. These side effects can range from mild to severe.
Common Side Effects
When taking fo-ti, you may experience common side effects like:
Side effects should subside once you stop taking fo-ti, but consult with a healthcare provider if they do not. To best avoid side effects, use fo-ti only as directed.
Severe Side Effects
Liver damage has been reported following the use of fo-ti.
Researchers looked at 450 case reports of liver damage associated with fo-ti use in a review. It concluded that fo-ti might cause liver damage or mostly reversible toxicity. However, of the 450 case reports, two people died.
While this correlation is cause for concern, the review failed to show that fo-ti was isolated as the cause of liver damage.
Long-term use of fo-ti has also been linked to kidney toxicity in rare cases.
As there is still much to learn regarding the safety of fo-ti, it would be best to only use the herb short-term and under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
Precautions
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Some people may need to take precautions or avoid using fo-ti altogether.
It is unknown if fo-ti is safe for children or pregnant or breastfeeding people. Due to the uncertainty, it is recommended that these populations avoid it.
According to lab research, fo-ti may possess estrogen activity. People with estrogen-driven cancers and certain hormonal imbalances should consult a healthcare provider to learn whether fo-ti is safe.
Due to the risk of liver damage, people with liver disease may also need to avoid using fo-ti.
Speak with your healthcare provider to learn if fo-ti is safe for you,
Dosage: How Much Fo-Ti Should I Take?
Always speak with a healthcare provider before taking a supplement to ensure that the supplement and dosage are appropriate for your individual needs.
There is insufficient scientific data to provide a safe recommended dose for fo-ti.
Lab and animal studies have used a wide range of doses, but these have not been evaluated in humans. Until better research is available, generalized fo-ti dosage recommendations cannot be made.
The appropriate dose for you may depend on your age, gender, and medical history. Speak to your healthcare provider to get personalized advice.
What Happens If I Take Too Much Fo-Ti?
You may be more likely to experience side effects if you take too much fo-ti.
While fo-ti overdose has not been reported, toxicity is possible. In particular, liver toxicity has occurred in some who have used fo-ti.
Liver toxicity may occur anywhere from days to weeks after taking fo-ti. Typically, symptoms of liver damage will disappear shortly after stopping fo-ti.
Signs of liver toxicity caused by fo-ti usage include:
If you think you may have liver damage caused by fo-ti, seek medical attention.
Interactions
Fo-ti may interact adversely with various medications, herbs, and supplements.
Though reports of this interaction are scarce, fo-ti may interact with warfarin and other blood-thinning medications.
Other interactions with certain drugs and herbs have been reported, but only anecdotally,
There is no substantial evidence to prove that fo-ti interacts with common medications like digoxin, stimulant laxatives, or diabetes drugs. However, there is no strong evidence to disprove these claims either. More research is needed to learn more about fo-ti's interactions.
You must carefully read the ingredient list and nutrition facts panel of any supplement to understand which ingredients and how much of each ingredient is included. Please review your fo-ti supplement label with your healthcare provider to learn of other potential interactions.
How to Store Fo-Ti
To prolong shelf-life, fo-ti supplements should be stored in a cool, dry place. They should also be kept out of direct sunlight. Protect the supplements from exposure to extremely hot or cold temperatures. Typically, fo-ti supplements should not be refrigerated.
Be sure to keep your supplements out of reach of any small children or pets in the house.
You should discard fo-ti supplements once they reach the expiration date listed on the supplement label or package.
Similar Supplements
Regarding supplements, it can be challenging to choose the right one. This is because many supplements claim to work in similar ways.
Supplements researched for similar uses include:
flavonoids
,phytonutrients,
and antioxidants that may benefit those with high cholesterol. A systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that green tea supplementation might significantly reduce total cholesterol and LDL "bad" cholesterol levels in the blood.
Does fo-ti act like estrogen?
Fo-ti may act like estrogen in your body. However, this has not been well-supported by science.
According to an older lab study, fo-ti extract was found to have high estrogen activity. For reference, the researchers found that fo-ti had about 1/300th of the estrogen activity of estradiol (a form of estrogen).
Learn More
The Role of Estrogen in Your Body
Does fo-ti slow aging?
According to folklore, fo-ti may slow the rate of aging.
As great as this sounds, this claim has not been backed up by solid evidence.
Some researchers believe that active components of fo-ti may help treat Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, both commonly associated with older age. Human trials have yet to be conducted to support this.
Learn More
Aging Types, Causes, and Prevention
Is fo-ti safe?
Fo-ti is thought to be safe for short-term use for most people. However, long-term use has not been studied in humans, and some people should avoid using it altogether.
Side effects like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea have been reported, as well as liver damage.
There is not enough research to know that fo-ti is safe for children or pregnant or breastfeeding people. These populations are recommended to avoid the herb.
Learn More
Drug and Medication Side Effects
Sources of Fo-Ti & What to Look For
Knowing what to look for when choosing a new supplement or herbal remedy is important. Fo-ti comes in many forms and should be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
Food Sources of Fo-Ti
As an herb, fo-ti is not naturally found in foods.
However, it may be used to make a tonic or hot tea. You can find fo-ti extract, powder, or loose-leaf tea in drinkable form.
If you prefer capsules, there are plenty of other supplement options.
Fo-Ti Supplements
Fo-ti is available in its raw form as a root. You can also find it in powder, extract, tea, and capsule form.
Although fo-ti is mainly consumed by mouth, some people use it topically. This is done by applying fo-ti extract directly to the skin.
Fo-ti may also be combined with other herbs in classical TCM formulas. However, beware that the safety and effectiveness of fo-ti, when combined with other herbs or compounds, is not well-documented.
Natural fo-ti supplements are vegan and gluten-free, but check the label to confirm it fits your diet. Some capsules may be made out of gelatin, made from cows or pigs.
In the United States, many dietary supplements are largely unregulated and not tested for safety. This means that the content of some products may differ from what is specified on the product label.
If you choose to buy fo-ti or any other supplement, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends that you look for supplements that have been vetted and approved by third-party agencies, like NSF Internation, U.S. Pharmacopeia, and ConsumerLab.com.
A seal of approval from one of these organizations does not guarantee the product's safety or effectiveness. Still, it does assure that the product was manufactured correctly, contains the ingredients listed on the label, and does not contain harmful levels of known contaminants.
Summary
Fo-ti is an herb that has been used in TCM for centuries. It has been studied for its purported anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties. Although fo-ti may have some possible health benefits, it is not without adverse side effects, including the potential for liver damage.
If you're thinking of trying fo-to, it's essential that you speak with your healthcare provider first.
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