Dec. 16, 2019
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Cold rolled steel is currently very popular for making laboratory furniture, so what's the difference between it and stainless steel? The Galvanized Steel Sheet Manufacturer will briefly introduce to you first.
Cold rolled steel is steel produced by cold rolling. Cold rolling is a method in which a steel sheet is further thinned to a target thickness at room temperature. The thickness is more precise, and the surface is smooth and beautiful. At the same time, it has various superior mechanical properties, especially in terms of processability. Because cold-rolled raw coil is relatively brittle and hard, it is not suitable for processing. Generally, Cold Rolled Steel Sheet requires annealing, pickling and surface smoothing before being delivered to customers. The maximum thickness of cold-rolled steel is below 0.1-8.0MM. For example, the thickness of cold-rolled steel plates in most factories is below 4.5MM. At present, all-steel laboratory side tables, all-steel laboratory central tables and all-steel fume hoods are popular on the market Basically all are 1.0mm-2.0mm cold rolled steel sheet. The minimum thickness and width are determined according to the equipment capacity and market demand of each factory.
Stainless steel is a common stainless steel. It is a universal stainless steel material. Its rust resistance is stronger than that of 200 series stainless steel materials. High temperature resistance is also good, and the general temperature limit is less than 650°C. Stainless steel has excellent stainless corrosion resistance and good resistance to intergranular corrosion. To oxidizing acids, stainless steel has strong corrosion resistance. It also has good corrosion resistance to alkaline solutions and most organic and inorganic acids.
Cold Rolled Steel Sheet
Due to the characteristics of cold rolled steel, cold rolled steel is generally used in construction, and stainless steel is suitable for food processing, storage and transportation. At the same time, the price of cold rolled steel is much cheaper than stainless steel. Therefore, in the production of laboratory furniture, cold rolled steel is mainly used as the material.
1. The general definition is that the rolling process of the material directly at room temperature without heating is called cold rolling, and the rolling of raw materials after heating is called hot rolling.
2. Hot rolling is usually the production of various profiles, wires, seamless steel tubes, as well as blooming, plate and Hot Rolled Steel Sheet; cold rolling is generally rolled on strip, of course, there are steel Cold-rolled, cold-rolled ribbed rebar, etc.
3. Hot rolling usually occurs when the billet is very thick (bill that has been continuously cast or die-cast). At this time, the purpose of heating the billet is:
(1) Improve the plasticity of steel and reduce deformation resistance.
(2) Improve the internal organization and performance of metals. The heterogeneous structure in the billet has a diffusion effect by heating at high temperature to homogenize the structure and eliminate segregation.
4. Cold-rolled strip is usually carried out when the width to thickness ratio of the billet is very large, and it is relatively thin. Generally, hot-rolled strip below 4 mm is used as the raw material.
In contrast, the advantages of cold rolled strip over hot rolled strip are:
(1) Thinner strips can be rolled. At present, the thinnest hot-rolled strip can be rolled out with a steel strip of about 0.78mm, and cold rolling can be rolled with 0.007mm metal aluminum foil;
(2) The dimensional accuracy of cold rolling is higher. The thickness accuracy of hot rolling can generally reach 5%, while the highest accuracy of cold rolling can reach 0.6%.
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(3) Cold rolling is rolled after the hot-rolled strip is pickled, the surface is smooth and free of scale, and by controlling the surface of the roll, steel plates of various surface states can be produced;
(4) Cold rolling can obtain the properties of steel plates with various performance requirements through the control of reduction rate or flat elongation.
The above is the difference between cold rolled steel and stainless steel, I hope to help everyone.
All steel has a Young's Modulus of 200 GPa (29 000 ksi) (This is the slope of the straight part of the graph) . Ultimate Strength runs from 300 - 400 MPa (peek of the graph), and the Yield is usually around 200 MPa (Where straight becomes curved).
In a test machine, you can stretch and shrink a steel bar up and down that straight part of the graph forever (Well, fatigue will kick in). But once you get into the curved part, unloading will follow a different path (See dashed line).
For structural purposes Yield strength is the limiting factor. In other words, you want your design to be limited entirely to the elastic (straight) region of the Stress/Strain chart. If you go into the plastic region, you're permanently deforming the material. (Although aircraft designers go well into the plastic region for reasons of weight).
The only reason to buy Stainless Steel is because you need the stainless property (i.e. finish work). It's far too expensive. For most purposes, normal rust protection measures are sufficient (Such as proper paint covering and maintenance, or even chrome plating for finished surfaces). Stainless steel has a lower Young's Modulus, and will deform more at low loads. However, this "Stretchability" makes it much tougher (but not stronger!). Think about snapping a dry twig vs. a green one.
Hardness is irrelevant for structural purposes. It becomes a factor in tool making and machine design, but not for simple load bearing applications.
EDIT:
Stiffness/Elasticity.
First we need to define strain as (Length of deformation)/(original length). This is a dimensionless quantity, but you can use mm/mm or in/in if you like to think about it that way. You could also think of it as %stretch/100 (That is, measured as PerUnit rather than PerCent -- base of 1 rather than 100)
Now we define stress as applied force over the cross sectional area. Think about it. The more force, the more stretch. The thicker the bar, the more resistance to stretch. So Stress is a combination of these two factors.
The deformation equation is Stress = E * Strain, where E is the Young's Modulus, or Modulus of elasticity. It has units of pressure -- Commonly expressed in GPa (Kn/mm^2) or Kpi (Kilopounds-force per square inch).
So a 1 mm^2 wire will double in length if loaded with 200 Kn of force -- Actually it will break well before that.
Bending:
This is complex, and we need to figure out the second moment of the cross sectional area. For a rectangle, this is I = bh^3/12 where b is the horizontal dimension, and h is the vertical dimension. This assumes that the load is downwards. If you're loading horizontally, then define vertical and horizontal in terms of the force direction.
Now we need to construct a loading function. This is a mathematical function that defines the force at every point on the beam.
Integrate that function. The result is the shear function.
Integrate it again. The result is the Bending Moment Function.
Multiply it by 1/EI (Young's modulus * the Moment of Inertia) This factor takes into account the Material Property, and the Geometric property.
Integrate it again. The result is the Deflection Angle Function (in Radians)
Integrate it again. The result is the absolute deflection function. Now you can plug in x (distance from origin) and receive the deflection in whatever units you were working with.
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