What Are The Different Types Of Cryogenic Tanks and What Are They Used For?

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Cryogenic tanks are specialized containers designed to store and transport liquefied gases at extremely low temperatures. These tanks are commonly used in various industrial and scientific applications that require the use of liquefied gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, helium, and hydrogen, among others. Cryogenic tanks are also used in the aerospace industry to store and transport rocket fuel.

The use of cryogenic tanks is essential because these gases are typically found in a gaseous state at room temperature and pressure. To convert them into a liquid state, they need to be cooled to extremely low temperatures, which can range from -180°C for oxygen to -195.8°C for nitrogen. At these temperatures, the gases become liquefied, allowing them to be stored and transported in a more compact form.

One of the most common applications of cryogenic tanks is for the storage and transport of liquid oxygen, which is commonly used in the medical industry for respiratory therapy and surgical procedures. Liquid oxygen tanks are specially designed to withstand the extreme temperatures and pressure required to store and transport this gas. These tanks are typically made from high-strength materials such as stainless steel, aluminum, or titanium, which can withstand the low-temperature environment without becoming brittle or cracking.

Another common use of cryogenic tanks is for the storage and transport of liquid nitrogen. Nitrogen is widely used in various industrial applications, including food processing, pharmaceuticals, and electronics manufacturing. Liquid nitrogen containers are designed to maintain the temperature of the gas at -195.8°C, which is essential to keep it in a liquid state. These containers are typically made from high-quality materials such as stainless steel or aluminum, which can withstand the extreme cold temperatures and prevent the gas from escaping.

Cryogenic tanks are also used in the production of liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is a form of natural gas that has been cooled to a temperature of -162°C, at which point it becomes a liquid. LNG is widely used as a fuel in transportation, power generation, and industrial processes. Cryogenic tanks are used to store and transport LNG from production facilities to distribution centers and end-users. These tanks are typically designed to withstand the high pressures and low temperatures required to transport and store the gas.

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In addition to these applications, cryogenic tanks are also used in the aerospace industry to store and transport rocket fuel. Liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen are commonly used as rocket propellants because of their high energy density and low weight. Cryogenic tanks are used to store these propellants during launch preparations and transport them to the launch site. These tanks are designed to withstand the extreme conditions of spaceflight, including the vacuum of space and the high temperatures generated during the launch process.

In conclusion, cryogenic tanks play a critical role in various industrial and scientific applications that require the storage and transport of liquefied gases. They are used in the medical industry to store liquid oxygen for respiratory therapy and surgical procedures, in the food processing and electronics manufacturing industries to store liquid nitrogen, in the production of liquefied natural gas, and in the aerospace industry to store and transport rocket propellants. Cryogenic tanks are designed to withstand the extreme temperatures and pressures required to store and transport these gases, and they are typically made from high-strength materials such as stainless steel, aluminum, or titanium. As technology advances, the demand for cryogenic tanks is expected to continue to grow, as these containers play an essential role in many important industries.

INOXCVA is the leading manufacturer of cryogenic tanks. They provide the best quality tanks at an affordable price to meet the needs of customers. The company has been in this business for more than three decades and has a solid reputation for providing high-quality products. Their tanks are designed to meet all safety and regulatory standards, making them suitable for a wide range of applications and use cases. With their extensive selection, customers can find the perfect tank for their needs, regardless of size, capacity or usage requirements. INOXCVA takes pride in delivering top-notch products that offer long-term reliability and savings on energy costs. So if you&#;re looking to purchase a cryogenic tank, INOXCVA is your best bet!

1. Low temperature resistance

The boiling point of liquefied natural gas at normal pressure is -160°C. LNG chooses low-temperature and normal-pressure storage method, which reduces the temperature of natural gas below the boiling point, so that the operating pressure of the liquid storage tank is slightly higher than normal pressure. Compared with the high-pressure normal-temperature storage method, it can greatly reduce the thickness of the tank wall and improve safety performance.

Therefore, LNG requires liquid storage tanks to have good low temperature resistance and excellent cold retention performance.

2. High safety requirements

As the tank stores low-temperature liquids, once an accident occurs in the storage tank, the refrigerated liquid will evaporate in a large amount, and the amount of vaporization is about 300 times that of the original refrigeration state, forming an air mass that will automatically detonate in the atmosphere.

Therefore, API, BS and other specifications all require storage tanks to adopt a double-wall structure. Using the sealing concept, when the first layer of tank leaks, the second layer of tank can completely seal the leaking liquid and vapor to ensure storage. Safety.

3. Special materials

The inner tank wall requires low temperature resistance, and 9Ni steel or aluminum alloy is generally used, and the outer tank wall is prestressed reinforced concrete.

4. Strict insulation measures

Since the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the tank can be as high as 200&#;, to keep the temperature inside the tank at -160&#;, the tank body must have good cold insulation performance, and high-performance cold insulation materials are filled between the inner tank and the outer tank. The cold insulation material at the bottom of the tank must have sufficient pressure-bearing performance.

5. Good seismic performance

Generally, the seismic requirements of buildings are to crack without falling under the specified earthquake load. To ensure the safety of storage tanks under accidental loads, storage tanks must have good seismic performance. For LNG storage tanks, it is required to not collapse or crack under the specified seismic load. For this reason, the selected construction site should generally avoid the earthquake fracture zone. Before construction, the storage tank should be subjected to seismic tests to analyze the structural performance of the storage tank under dynamic conditions to ensure that the tank body is not damaged under a given seismic intensity.

6. Strict construction requirements

Welds of storage tanks must be subjected to 100% magnetic particle testing (MT) and 100% vacuum tightness testing (VBT). It is necessary to strictly select cold insulation materials and follow the prescribed procedures during construction. In order to prevent the concrete from cracking, post-tensioned pre-stress construction is adopted, and the verticality of the tank wall is very strict.

The top of the concrete outer tank should have high compressive and tensile capacity, and be able to resist the impact of falling objects. Due to the thick concrete at the bottom of the tank, the hydration temperature must be controlled during pouring to prevent cracking due to temperature stress.

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