Technical Guidance for Shipping Bulk Liquids

T Codes for Liquid Tanks

T Code Minimum Shell Thickness
Reference Steel Relief Provision Outlet Provision Minimum Test Pressure
(bar) T1 6mm SRV 2 Shut Off Devices 1.5 T2 6mm SRV 3 Shut Off Devices 1.5 T3 6mm SRV 2 Shut Off Devices 2.65 T4 6mm SRV 3 Shut Off Devices 2.65 T5 6mm SRV + Rupture Disc
+ Check Gauge Prohibited 2.65 T6 6mm SRV 2 Shut Off Devices 4 T7 6mm SRV 3 Shut Off Devices 4 T8 6mm SRV Prohibited 4 T9 6mm SRV Prohibited 4 T10 6mm SRV + Rupture Disc
+ Check Gauge Prohibited 4 T11 6mm SRV 3 Shut Off Devices 6 T12 6mm SRV + Rupture Disc
+ Check Gauge 3 Shut Off Devices 6 T13 6mm SRV Prohibited 6 T14 6mm SRV + Rupture Disc
+ Check Gauge Prohibited 6 T15 6mm SRV 3 Shut Off Devices 10 T16 6mm SRV + Rupture Disc
+ Check Gauge 3 Shut Off Devices 10 T17 6mm SRV + Rupture Disc
+ Check Gauge 3 Shut Off Devices 10 T18 6mm SRV + Rupture Disc
+ Check Gauge 3 Shut Off Devices 10 T19 6mm SRV + Rupture Disc
+ Check Gauge Prohibited 10 T20 8mm SRV + Rupture Disc
+ Check Gauge Prohibited 10 T21 10mm SRV Prohibited 10 T22 10mm SRV + Rupture Disc
+ Check Gauge Prohibited 10

Specific Gravity

What is Specific Gravity?

The term specific gravity, symbolized sp gr, refers to the ratio of the density of a liquid (or a solid) to the density of water at 4 degrees Celcius.

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Unless a Baffle Tank is utilised it is recommended that for both Hazardous (Mandatory) and Non-Hazardous (not Mandatory) be loaded to less than 20% fill or greater than 80% fill. The actual level of fill above 80% is designated by the maximum gross mass of the tank container or the maximum permitted mass of the tank throughout its transit whichever is the least.

Irrespective of the above the tank container may not be filled above the degree of filling designated in IMDG 4.2.1.9. (this is the text which designates the degree of filling required taking in to account thermal expansion)

Also in all cases when loading any Tank Container, sufficient allowance must be made for the expansion of the product. This acknowledges the fact that during transportation the product will experience a range of ambient temperatures. Regulations allow for a maximum 97% fill in some cases however, in line with many operators policies, it is suggested 95% filling ratio should be adopted. Tank Size Choice (in the table below is an &#;At a Glance&#; aid only) &#; If a Baffle tank is utilized the 80% minimum fill rate no longer applies.

  21 Tonnes 21 Tonnes 22.5 Tonnes 22.5 Tonnes 24 Tonnes 24 Tonnes    Max 95% Fill  Max 80% Fill  Max 95% Fill  Max 80% Fill  Max 95% Fill  Max 80% Fill  Size of Tank Required  sp gr,  sp gr,  sp gr,  sp gr,  sp gr,  sp gr,   Litre  1.58 1.88 1.69 2.00 1.80 2.14   Litre  1.47 1.75 1.53 1.81 1.68 2.00   Litre  1.26 1.50 1.35 1.61 1.44 1.71   Litre  1.16 1.38 1.25 1.48 1.33 1.58   Litre  1.105 1.31 1.18 1.41 1.26 1.50   Litre  1.05 1.25 1.13 1.34 1.20 1.43   Litre  0.96 1.14 1.03 1.22 1.10 1.30 Litre  0.92 1.09 0.99 1.17 1.05 1.25 Litre  0.88 1.05 0.95 1.12 1.01 1.20 Litre  0.85 1.01 0.91 1.08 0.97 1.15

Comparison: Tank Containers vs Drums

Safe Method of Transporting Drums in a 20Ft ISO Container
vs.
Safe Method of Transporting Bulk Liquids in a 20Ft ISO Tank Container

 

Comparison: Tank Containers vs Flexitanks

There are a number of misconceptions held by some shippers when considering the use of Flexitanks that should be challenged and shippers should be encouraged to check these out for their own benefit.

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1. &#;Bags are cheaper&#; That is often no longer the case and shippers should obtain quotes from Tank Operators to check for themselves.

2. &#;Bags are safe for the environment&#; Please ensure that your operator is providing the full service as detailed in their own Industry code of practice. Tank Containers have a proven low carbon footprint.

3. &#;Are you obtaining the same payload that you are in a Tank Container?&#;

4. &#;Is my cargo safe?&#; UK P&I Club Loss Prevention Bulletin
   

Impact tests of Flexitank inside a 20ft container on rail test bed. Click here to view the potential effect of surge upon vehicles carrying Flexitanks.

At all times the local health and safety rules and regulations must be complied with.

The Risk of leakage is extremely small provided that the tanks are operated correctly.

1. The vast majority of tank containers are manufactured from stainless steel which is a highly ductile material that will withstand very high forces. The stainless steel will deform to a very high degree before the pressure vessel is breached.
2. Tanks for the carriage of hazardous products, that have closures below the liquid level, have a minimum of two closures for low hazard products and three closures for high hazard products. One of the closures are internal to the pressure vessel itself and therefore any damage to the external valves will not cause the product to leak.

Transportation and Handling

1. Tanks for carriage of liquid hazardous materials must be filled to the levels defined in the regulations. Tanks are permitted to be filled up to 20% of their capacity or greater than 80% of their capacity, to a permitted maximum.  It is essential that these filling levels are adhered to irrespective of the cargo carried to avoid the free surface effect, which in  extreme circumstances, will lead to the overturn of the transport vehicle.
2. The vast majority of tanks are fitted with ISO standard twist locks. Only approved ISO handling equipment should be used for handling and securing the tanks to chassis rail cars, ships etc

Empty and Uncleaned Tanks

1. Empty and uncleaned tanks must be treated as if they were loaded with the last product
2. A full MSDS sheet must be available for the cleaning station prior to cleaning.

Entry in Tanks

1. Entry in to tank containers should only be undertaken by trained personnel.
2. Tanks should only be entered if they have a valid cleaning certificate.
3. Before entry into tanks the atmosphere monitoring should be undertaken to ensure that the atmosphere will sustain life.

Manufacture

1. Tank containers for the transportation of hazardous goods are manufactured to international standards irrespective of where they are made.
2. Each individual tank design has to pass a series of structural tests before it is approved for manufacture.
3. During manufactured each individual tank is tested to ensure it conforms to the requirements of the design approval.

 

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