There are a few things you need to know if you are looking for a stab-proof vest. The first is that no stab vest is completely impenetrable this is why body armour is often referred to as stab or bullet resistant rather than proof. All body armour has the ability to be penetrated by a powerful enough weapon. This may be due to the wrong protection level being worn or the vest being old and damaged. However, all stab vests offer an individual additional potentially lifesaving protection that the human body does not have on its own. Stab proof vests are resistant to penetration from edged weapons such as knives and other sharp objects, such as broken bottles. Their design allows them to be able to protect the body from punctures from sharp blades or pointed weapons.
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Stab proof vests are made from a material called aramid. Aramid is a synthetic fibre with a very high tensile strength, making it ideal for body armour. Aramid was first introduced several decades ago and has since proven to be one of the strongest materials available worldwide. Aramid is used in both bulletproof and stab proof vests. The aramid fabric is tightly woven together in order to create stab proof vests. While the aramid fibres are strong on their own, their protection levels increase dramatically when the fibres are woven tightly together to create a protective barrier. This tight weaving of the fibres makes it extremely difficult for a weapon to be able to penetrate the material because a lot of force is required in order to actually penetrate through the material. When somebody tries to stab an individual wearing a stab proof vest with a knife, the knife becomes caught in the fabric, slipping through the material. The sharp edge of the knife is then unable to penetrate through to the flesh because it is caught within the aramid weaving. Although the cutting motion will damage the vest carrier, the wearer will be protected from the knife. In the case of a protective vest becoming damaged after an attack, you should always purchase a new vest, or carrier when available. A damaged vest will not offer the same protection that it would if it was undamaged. If the panels within the vest are damaged the fibres will not be as tightly woven, and the loss of closeness in the weaving could make it possible for knives or sharp objects to penetrate the material, putting you in serious potential danger.
When someone attempts to stab a stab-proof vest wearer the material works a little bit differently. Piercing the vest with a sharp, pointed object will cause the fibres to move around the point, causing it to be pushed back and forth in the material. It works as if someone were sewing with a needle and thread. The point passes through some of the fibres and then moves in another direction through others. This slows down the rate at which the item can pierce the vest and prevents a full puncture from occurring. After a vest is punctured it may still be useable, as punctures typically do not damage the integrity of the material.
It is important to take thorough care of a stab-proof vest. Any piece of body armour should be inspected on a regular basis for damage and wear and tear. A vest will only be able to offer you maximum protection if it is in the best condition possible. If somebody has attempted to stab or cut you, you should always examine your body armour thoroughly before wearing it again.
For the type of buoyancy compensator used in scuba diving, see stab jacket
An armed British police officer wearing a ballistic vest Stab-Protective Body Armor, Concealable (CSPBA)A stab vest or stab proof vest is a reinforced piece of body armor, worn under or over other items of clothing, which is designed to resist knife attacks to the chest, back and sides.
Stab vests are different from bulletproof vests, which offer protection against firearms but are ineffective against stabbing attacks. They are constructed using high-strength synthetic fibers with a tighter weave than bulletproof vests and are sometimes reinforced with other laminates.[1][2][3]
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Stab proof vests are standard issue to police officers in both the United Kingdom and New Zealand.[4] They are also commonly worn by paramedics, security staff, traffic wardens, environmental wardens, customs officers, immigration officers, bailiffs, cash in transit officers, door supervisors/bouncers, or anyone who else may be under threat.[citation needed]
Bulletproof vests are more commonly used by police in countries with greater firearms ownership, such as the United States and Canada; but dual-purpose armor plates that protect against both stab and firearms attacks are fairly widely available for police and also security applications.[citation needed]
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"Ice pick" tests[
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In the mid-s the state of California Department of Corrections issued a requirement for a body armor using a commercial ice pick as the test penetrator. The test method attempted to simulate the capacity of a human attacker to deliver impact energy with their upper body. As was later shown, this test overstated the capacity of human attackers. The test used a drop mass or sabot that carried the ice pick. Using gravitational force, the height of the drop mass above the vest was proportional to the impact energy. This test specified 109 joules (81 ft·lbf) of energy and a 7.3 kg (16 lb) drop mass with a drop height of 153 cm (60 in) and an ice pick with a 4 mm (0.16 in) diameter with a sharp tip with a 5.4 m/s (18 ft/s) terminal velocity in the test. The California standard did not include knife or cutting edge weapons in the test protocol. In this early phase only titanium and steel plate offerings were successful in addressing this requirement.
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These textile materials do not have equal performance with cutting-edge threats and these certifications were only with ice picks and were not tested with knives.
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The Police Scientific Development Branch (PSDB) work studied the type of weapons that are commonly used in stabbing attacks and the levels of impact energy fit young men are capable of generating during such an attack. The study resulted in minimum performance ratings for armour used in the UK, as defined under PSDB publication 6/99. The PSDB standard was replaced in with the current Home Office Scientific Development Branch (HOSDB) publication No. 39/07/C which governs stab resistant body armor performance in the UK. This updated standard introduced a more stringent testing procedure with more drops than the previous standard plus the introduction of the P1/B Blade which is found to be more aggressive that the older P1/A Blade.[5]
In the UK there are no standalone ratings for spike resistance. For stab resistant armor to carry a spike resistance (SP) rating in the UK, it must first pass minimum knife resistance (KR) performance tests.
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In the US, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) has established a stab-resistant body armor test standard (NIJ STD .00),[6] based on the work in the UK, which defines two threat types: spike and edged blade.
Manufacturers of body armor can voluntarily submit armor models for compliance testing through the National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center in Rockville, Maryland. Through the program, manufacturers certify that their armor will defeat the specified threat at one of three threat levels. Threat levels 1, 2 and 3 are based on impact energies of 24 J (18 ftlbf), 33 J (24 ftlbf), and 43 J (32 ftlbf) joules respectively.
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This article incorporates work from https://peosoldier.army.mil/newpeo/Equipment/Temp.asp?id=SPE_CSPBA, which is in the public domain as it is a work of the United States Military.
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