While PERC (passivated emitter rear contact) technology has become ubiquitous in solar panel manufacturing, a different process is expected to emerge as a top contender. TOPCon, or tunnel oxide passivated contact, was introduced to the industry in by the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems in Germany and has been used by mainstream Chinese manufacturers since at least . It pairs a tunneling oxide layer with a PERC solar cell to reduce recombination losses and increase cell efficiency.
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In a few extra steps, TOPCon makes a PERC cell more powerful and efficient.
Plain PERC technology has a theoretical efficiency limit of about 24%, denoting how much solar energy the panel can convert to usable electricity, so to continue pushing forward, manufacturers use more advanced &#;passivated contact technology.&#; LONGi announced in that it had reached 25.21% efficiency for n-type bifacial TOPCon cells, and a few months later JinkoSolar reached 25.4% efficiency.
The incremental TOPCon efficiency advancements continued in : Trina Solar hit 25.5% efficiency with the largest 210-mm cell size in March. The company has not yet released a TOPCon product to the North American market, but the innovation may reach Western shores soon due to TOPCon&#;s easy gains in cell efficiency and reliability, said Zixuan (Rocky) Li, product manager at Trina Solar.
&#;Higher efficiency allows the panel to harvest more energy per unit area,&#; he said. TOPCon has an 80% &#;bifaciality&#; rate compared to PERC&#;s 70%, which lets TOPCon modules &#;harvest more energy from the rear side compared to PERC bifacial modules, which is favorable for ground-mount utility projects,&#; Li said.
These cell advances are accomplished rather easily on PERC cells when compared to brand new manufacturing processes. PERC adds a passivated film to the back of ordinary solar cells to absorb more light that may have passed the initial cell surface. TOPCon takes that same PERC film and adds an ultra-thin oxide layer on top as another barrier to contain unabsorbed light.
Compared to heterojunction technology (HJT), which combines crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon thin-film into one high-power hybrid solar cell and requires a totally different manufacturing process, adding one oxide layer to a PERC cell is an easier manufacturing upgrade.
&#;TOPCon adds an additional tunneling oxide passivation layer to the cell but can be added to existing PERC lines for a relatively low portion of their total cost,&#; said Adam Detrick, director of product management and technical services for the U.S. division of JinkoSolar. &#;The additional efficiency and energy-yield benefits of TOPCon make it the lowest net-capital cost at full scale.&#;
Detrick said JinkoSolar is focused on growing n-type TOPCon capacity as its primary cell offering as it sees TOPCon being the leading passivated cell technology in the market within the next five years.
&#;TOPCon offers the best combination of efficiency and reliability relative to capital cost and easily fits into existing module design parameters,&#; he said. &#;There are other n-type technologies such as HJT and IBC, but their more exotic cell architecture means they require unique cell lines at much higher capital costs.&#;
The industry can expect TOPCon to quickly be as ubiquitous as PERC in the crystalline silicon solar market, just as soon as manufacturers are willing to update their production lines.
Introduction:
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In the ever-evolving world of solar energy, technological advancements play a pivotal role in enhancing efficiency and sustainability. One such breakthrough is the development of N-Type solar panels. These cutting-edge photovoltaic devices are reshaping the landscape of solar energy harvesting by offering improved performance and durability. In this blog post, we&#;ll delve into the intricacies of N-Type solar panels, exploring their structure, advantages, and the promising future they hold for the renewable energy sector.
Understanding N-Type Solar Panels:
N-Type solar panels are a new generation of solar cells that utilize advanced materials and innovative designs to enhance their efficiency and overall performance. N-Type panels employ N-Type silicon as the base material. The N-Type silicon provides several advantages, making these solar panels a promising choice for the future of solar energy.
Advantages of N-Type Solar Panels:
1. Increased Efficiency: One of the primary advantages of N-Type solar panels is their higher efficiency compared to conventional solar cells. The N-Type silicon used in these panels exhibits lower recombination rates, meaning that fewer electrons and holes recombine and are lost as heat. This results in a more efficient conversion of sunlight into electricity, ultimately leading to higher energy yields.
2. Improved Durability and Longevity: N-Type solar panels are designed with durability in mind. The tunnel oxide passivation layer serves as a protective barrier, preventing external factors such as moisture and contaminants from degrading the solar cell&#;s performance over time. This enhanced durability contributes to a longer lifespan for the solar panels, making them a reliable and sustainable choice for solar energy systems.
3. Enhanced Temperature Coefficient: N-Type solar panels exhibit a lower temperature coefficient compared to traditional solar cells. This means that their efficiency remains relatively stable even in high-temperature environments. This characteristic is particularly advantageous in regions with hot climates, where solar panels often face challenges related to performance degradation in elevated temperatures.
4. Reduced Degradation and Light-Induced Degradation (LID): N-Type solar panels are known for their minimal degradation over time. Light-Induced Degradation (LID), a phenomenon where solar cells experience a temporary reduction in efficiency after initial exposure to sunlight, is significantly reduced in N-Type anels. This ensures a more stable and reliable energy output over the lifespan of the solar panels.
5. Compatibility with Bifacial Technology: N-Type solar panels are well-suited for bifacial technology, allowing them to capture sunlight from both the front and rear sides. This dual-sided exposure enhances energy production, especially in environments with reflective surfaces such as snow or concrete. The compatibility with bifacial technology further underscores the versatility of N-Type solar panels.
Conclusion: Aptos solar panels were successfully tested under UL standards which includes the following tests &#; Thermal Cycle, Damp Heat, and Degradation Tests.
N-Type solar panels represent a significant leap forward in the field of solar energy. With their higher efficiency, enhanced durability, and improved performance in various environmental conditions, these solar panels are poised to play a crucial role in advancing the adoption of renewable energy. As technology continues to evolve, N-Type solar panels are likely to become a cornerstone in the development of more efficient and sustainable solar energy systems, paving the way for a cleaner and greener future.
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