Thermal insulation properties of sandwich panels and ...

30 Dec.,2024

 

Thermal insulation properties of sandwich panels and ...

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The construction industry is constantly evolving, seeking solutions that not only ensure efficiency and effectiveness, but that are also sustainable and environmentally friendly. In this context, sandwich panels emerge as an innovative solution that offers considerable benefits in terms of thermal insulation while contributing significantly to the thermal comfort of buildings. This article explores the distinctive features of sandwich panels, highlighting how they are a preferred choice in dry construction.

What does improving the thermal comfort of a building mean?

Improving the thermal comfort of a building is not just about maintaining a comfortable indoor temperature, it also involves optimising energy efficiency and promoting the well-being of its occupants. This can be achieved through a number of strategies, including effective thermal insulation, efficient heating and cooling systems, intelligent ventilation management, and use of building materials that help stabilise indoor temperatures. Careful design that takes account of building orientation, space distribution and use of sustainable technologies can significantly improve thermal comfort while reducing environmental impact and energy costs.

What is a sandwich panel?

A sandwich panel is a composite material consisting of two outer layers and an insulating inner core. The outer materials, usually metal, protect the inner insulation layer, which can be made of various materials such as expanded polystyrene, polyurethane, glass wool, or rock wool. This structure gives the sandwich panel the properties of exceptional thermal insulation, mechanical strength and lightness.

Thermal insulation in sandwich panels

The main contribution of sandwich panels to sustainable construction lies in their exceptional thermal insulation properties. These energy-efficient materials reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions while providing environmental comfort and financial savings. The effectiveness of the insulation in sandwich panels depends on the chosen insulation material, which can vary in origin and technical specifications, directly affecting its thermal transmittance and fire resistance performance. Materials such as mineral wools and polyurethane foams provide optimal insulation, thus contributing significantly to the sustainability of buildings.

Benefits of sandwich panels

  • Energy efficiency

Sandwich panels are designed to provide an excellent barrier against heat loss to significantly reduce energy costs. Their ability to maintain a constant temperature inside buildings makes them ideal for improving energy efficiency and reducing the carbon footprint.

  • Application versatility

Suitable for both new buildings and renovations, sandwich panels can be used for walls, roofs and floors, where they offer a complete thermal insulation solution. Their versatility makes them compatible with various architectural styles and building types, from private residences to industrial complexes.

  • Quick and easy installation

The lightness and ease of assembly typical of sandwich panels reduce construction times and the associated costs. This is particularly advantageous in dry construction, where construction speed and low on-site waste are key factors.

  • Improved thermal comfort

The insulation provided by sandwich panels improves living comfort in indoor spaces by maintaining a more stable and pleasant environment. This is crucial both to conserve heat during the winter months and to insulate against excessive outside heat during the summer.

  • Sustainability

Choosing environmentally friendly insulation materials for the core of sandwich panels contributes to making buildings sustainable. Moreover, their long service life and weather resistance ensure that these panels are a lasting investment, reducing the need for maintenance and replacement.

Why choose to use a sandwich panel

Sandwich panels are emerging as an innovative thermal insulation solution in buildings, as they combine energy efficiency, versatility and sustainability. Their ability to maintain a constant temperature inside buildings make them ideal for improving thermal comfort while reducing energy costs and environmental footprint. Their easy installation and durability make them an advantageous option for sustainable, quality construction.

PIR (polyisocyanurate) foam is very effective in insulating against cold because of its low thermal conductivity, which significantly reduces heat transfer. This is achieved through the closed cell structure of the PIR foam, which traps air to reduce convection and conduction. Moreover, PIR foam is fire-resistant and has good dimensional stability properties, making it an excellent choice for thermal insulation in various environmental conditions.

Guide to choosing the right sandwich panel

Sandwich panels are one of the most economical insulation solutions, with greater durability, shorter installation time, less need for maintenance and greater capacity for acoustic and thermal insulation. In addition, they can be adapted to all building needs and typologies, with different types of panels for each case.

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Types of panels according to the application

Sandwich panels for facades

The variety of finishes of sandwich panels make them a very popular choice for facades. They have the advantage that the final result is very aesthetic because the fixings are hidden. Other advantages are their lightness, modularity and high insulation performance.

This type of panels is mainly used to insulate facades and walls, as well as interior walls. They are suitable for industrial buildings, sports centres, residential and public buildings.

Sandwich panels for roofs

In this case, the panels, unlike those for facades, are highly exposed to the action of rain, snow or wind, as well as to their weights. They are installed on roofs and decks of all types of buildings, although they are most commonly used on roofs with a minimum slope of 7%.

Their installation is usually combined with watertight joints, which makes installation quick and easy and does not reduce  the insulation of the roof. Self-drilling screws are also used to fix them to the structure, and sealing systems are used to prevent water seepage.

The most basic models of sandwich panels for roofs do not have a finish that embellishes the outside. For this reason, there is the option of the tile-type sandwich panel, which has a sheet metal covering that offers an appearance similar to a ceramic tile. Thus, it is mostly used in residential buildings.

There is also a specific type of sandwich panel for farm roofs, with a specific treatment that provides extra protection to withstand the special environmental conditions to which the panel is subjected.

 

Refrigeration panels

The panels are also used to insulate temperature-controlled spaces, such as cold rooms or freezers. In these cases, the types of sandwich panels used are thicker in order to withstand very low temperatures. They offer optimum insulation and are easy to install.

 

Characteristics and properties of sandwich panel to be taken into account

This modular and prefabricated insulation system stands out for its lightness, making installation one of its great advantages, as it is quick and easy. Likewise, the sandwich panel can be customized in terms of size, thickness and finishes.

It also has a low thermal conductivity coefficient, making it an excellent thermal insulator with great durability thanks to the protection of its outer layers, which also make it highly resistant to fire. Sandwich panels also stand out for their total impermeability to water, steam and air, which also increases their useful life. They are also excellent for acoustic insulation.

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