The Essential Guide to Piping Support Standards and ...

04 Nov.,2024

 

The Essential Guide to Piping Support Standards and ...

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Pipe support, often overlooked, proves to be an indispensable element in industrial infrastructure. Whether in power plants or manufacturing, having the right piping support ensures safety, prevents misalignment, and makes operations more efficient. Read on to learn more about piping supports.

What Is Piping Support?

Piping support is a designed element that transfers the load from a pipe to the supporting structures, referring to mechanisms or structures crafted to hold and stabilize pipes in a specific position within an industrial facility.

Piping supports play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the piping system by preventing sagging, vibration, or excessive movement. Properly designed and installed piping supports ensure the safe and efficient operation of the entire piping network, contributing to the longevity and reliability of industrial structures.

A pipe support serves four primary functions: anchoring, guiding, absorbing shock, and supporting a designated load. These supports may include insulation materials in applications with high or low temperatures. The design of a pipe support assembly depends on the specific loading and operating conditions.

What Are Some Types of Piping Support?

There are several piping supports that are known in the industry.

1. Pipe Bearing Support

These pipe supports are usually primary, directly connecting to the pipe to bear the load of the piping system. The installation specifics depend on the chosen support&#;s size and design. Typically, these supports are either bolt-fastened or welded.

Pipe Support Design

Function

Advantage

Pipe Shoes Provide axial support and prevent movement Distribute the load evenly, reducing stress on the pipe Pipe Saddles Offer lateral support and restrain movement Efficient for maintaining pipe alignment and minimizing vibration Pipe Trunnions Allow rotational movement of the pipe Ideal for supporting pipes with thermal expansion and contraction Wear Pads Reduce friction and protect against wear Extend the life of the pipe by minimizing abrasion and friction

 

To ensure similar behavior when welded and comparable performance under piping process elements or environmental factors, it&#;s essential for support materials and fasteners to resemble those of the supported pipes.

2. Dynamically Loaded Supports

Dynamically loaded pipe supports serve as either primary or secondary supports, offering variable resistance to movement influenced by factors like compression. These supports play a crucial role in minimizing the impact of abnormal dynamic conditions, such as seismic activity, pump trips, safety/relief valve discharge, or rapid valve closure.

Due to their varying resistance, they enable standard movements during normal operation while maintaining precise movement tolerances during abnormal conditions. This ensures the stability and integrity of the piping system under changing circumstances, contributing to safe and efficient operation.

Dynamically Loaded Support

Function

Advantage

Energy Absorbers Absorb and dissipate energy from sudden movements Mitigate the impact of abrupt changes, reducing stress on the piping system Hanger Supports Provide vertical support and dampen vertical movement Efficiently suspend and stabilize pipes, minimizing vibration and ensuring proper alignment Pipe Whips or Hold Down Restraints Restrict horizontal movement during dynamic events Prevent excessive lateral movement, enhancing the overall stability of the piping system Snubbers Control and limit the movement of pipes Ensure controlled and gradual movement, preventing abrupt shifts and reducing stress on the piping components Struts Offer support and limit movement in a specific direction Provide directional stability, preventing unwanted movement and maintaining proper alignment Sway Braces Control lateral movement and sway in piping systems Minimize lateral displacement, enhancing the system&#;s ability to withstand dynamic forces and maintaining alignment

 

3. Constantly Loaded Supports

Constantly loaded supports in pipe systems maintain a steady load, offering consistent resistance against gravitational forces or fixed loads. Unlike dynamically loaded supports, which adjust resistance based on various factors, constantly loaded supports, also known as constants, sustain a static resistance level. This design makes them well-suited for applications with extremely high loads or systems where movements and loading conditions create significant variability.

Constantly Loaded Support

Function

Advantage

Horizontal Provides steady lateral support and resistance Ideal for countering side-to-side movements and maintaining stability Vertical Offers consistent vertical support and resistance Efficient for sustaining upward or downward loads and ensuring stability

 

4. Variable Spring Supports

Variable spring supports in piping systems are essential devices for supporting pipes, especially when dealing with changing loads. These supports play a crucial role in balancing the concentrated gravitational load of pipe sections while accommodating thermal movement.

In piping design, controlling the direction and amount of movement in different pipe sections is a significant function. Variable supports use coiled springs to bear a load and allow movement. The resistance of the coil to a load change during compression, similar to dynamic supports, earning them the name &#;variables.&#;

Unlike other designs, variable springs typically collaborate with slide plates made from stainless steel, PTFE, or graphite in a secondary support manner, rather than attaching directly to the pipes as primary support. This approach ensures flexibility and stability in accommodating varying loads, contributing to the safe and efficient operation of the entire piping network.

5. Threaded Members and Pipe Hangers

Threaded members are like bars or rods with screw-like ends. They are used to connect different parts of pipe support systems. The threaded ends make it easy to adjust and fit them to different pipes. By connecting with other support parts through threading, these members help keep the piping system stable.

Pipe hangers are tools that hold pipes up from structural elements, preventing them from sagging or moving too much. There are different types of hangers, such as clevis hangers and loop hangers, chosen based on factors like the size and weight of the pipes. Pipe hangers play a key role in keeping pipes aligned correctly, reducing vibrations, and ensuring the entire piping system stays strong and reliable.

Threaded Members and Pipe Hangers

Design Function

Advantage

Stainless Steel U-Bolts U-shaped bolts with threads Securely fasten pipes to structural elements Resistant to corrosion, providing durability and strength Clevis Hangers U-shaped hangers with a pin Suspend pipes, allowing vertical movement Facilitate easy adjustments and are suitable for various pipe sizes 2-Bolt Pipe Clamps Clamps with two bolts Hold pipes in place and prevent lateral movement Quick and simple installation, providing effective lateral support Riser Clamps Clamps for vertical pipes Support vertical pipes, accommodating thermal expansion Enable vertical movement while providing stability, reducing stress on pipes 3-Bolt Pipe Clamps Clamps with three bolts Offer additional stability for holding pipes in position Distribute load evenly, reducing stress on pipes and enhancing overall stability Heavy-Duty Beam Attachments Attachments for support beams Connect pipes to support beams in heavy-duty applications Provide robust support in demanding conditions, ensuring long-term reliability

 

When used with the proper fasteners, these supports offer strong, long-lasting, and reliable support for pipes of almost any size.

What Are The Functions and Purposes of Piping Support?

Pipe supports play a crucial role in carrying and spreading the weight or pressures within a piping system. They are particularly vital for managing unusual situations like sudden increases in load, rapid temperature fluctuations, and changes in the structure&#;s position or settling.

1. Stability and Alignment

Piping supports ensure that pipes remain stable and properly aligned within an industrial structure. By preventing sagging or excessive movement, these supports maintain the intended position of pipes, contributing to the overall stability of the piping system.

2. Load Distribution

The primary function of piping supports is to distribute the weight and forces acting on pipes evenly. By doing so, they prevent concentrated stress points, reducing the risk of damage or deformation. Proper load distribution is critical for the longevity and structural integrity of the entire piping network.

3. Vibration and Movement Control

Piping supports play a crucial role in minimizing vibrations and controlling movement caused by various factors, such as fluid flow or thermal expansion. This control not only enhances the safety of the piping system but also ensures smooth operation without undue stress on the pipes.

4. Thermal Expansion and Contraction Accommodation

In response to temperature changes, pipes may expand or contract. Piping supports are designed to accommodate this thermal movement, preventing issues like buckling or distortion. By allowing controlled expansion and contraction, these supports contribute to the durability of the piping system.

5. Preventing Structural Damage

Piping supports serve as a protective measure against potential structural damage. By providing reliable support, they reduce the risk of pipes shifting or exerting excessive force on surrounding structures. This prevention of structural damage ensures the overall safety and reliability of the industrial facility.

What Is The ASME Standard for Piping Support?

ASME B31.3, in Chapter II and Section 321, outlines the rules for supports and devices restraining pipes. It lays down overall requirements for these supports and describes the conditions they should be designed for. While elements like springs and hanger rods fall under ASME B31.3, the structures these supports connect to are not covered. The goal is for support to meet the design objectives, handling both ongoing and occasional loads, along with thermal displacement, ensuring the stability of the piping system.

In conclusion, having a good grasp of piping supports is crucial for you as a piping engineers. It ensures the reliability and safety of industrial piping systems by understanding how to design proper supports, distribute loads effectively, and control alignment. This knowledge is critical in preventing structural problems, maintaining stability, and avoiding potential dangers. Piping engineers with this expertise play a vital role in creating a secure and efficient industrial environment.

If you are looking for the opportunity to enhance your skills in piping design, inspection, and maintenance following industry standards, Petrosync provides a comprehensive ASME B31.3 training program. This training focuses on the details of piping systems, covering design requirements, inspection procedures, and maintenance practices in line with ASME B31.3 standards.

You will gain valuable insights into the critical aspects of piping engineering, ensuring you are well-prepared to meet industry demands and uphold the highest standards of safety and compliance.

Credit: iStock

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Best Practices for Selecting & Installing Roof Pipe Supports

Safety and compliance are critical factors when selecting and installing roof pipe supports. These supports are vital for maintaining the structural integrity of the roofing system and preventing potential hazards.

Properly designed and installed roof pipe supports ensure secure placement of pipes and equipment, minimizing movement and potential failures. They distribute weight evenly, reducing stress and improving overall system performance. These systems are also designed to mitigate hazards, such as accidental dislodgment or falling objects.

In this article, we will explore the technical best practices for selecting and installing roof pipe supports to maximize safety and compliance. We will discuss thorough site assessments, load requirements, material properties, secure attachment methods, and fall protection.

Understanding Roof Pipe Supports

Roof pipe supports, also known as pipe hangers or pipe stands, are structural components designed to provide support and stability to pipes. Thus, they also improve the stability of associated equipment in roofing systems. They serve as a means of preventing excessive movement or stress on the roof structure.

There are various types of roof pipe supports available:

  1. Pipe Stands

    :

    These are versatile supports that elevate pipes above the roof surface, providing clearance and preventing direct contact between the pipe and the roof. Pipe stands are commonly used in commercial and industrial settings to support a wide range of pipe sizes and materials.

  2. Pipe Hangers

    :

    Pipe hangers are suspension devices that attach to the underside of the roof and support pipes from above. They are used when pipes need to be suspended vertically or horizontally, allowing for flexibility in pipe routing and system design.

  3. Pipe Supports with Insulation Inserts

    :

    In applications where pipes require insulation, supports with insulation inserts are used. These supports incorporate insulation inserts that provide thermal separation between the pipe and the support, preventing heat transfer and maintaining energy efficiency.

Roof pipe supports play a crucial role in load distribution and stability within a roofing system. They help:

  • Distribute the weight of pipes, equipment, and fluids evenly,

  • Minimize concentrated loads and reduce stress on the roof structure.

  • Prevent excessive deflection, vibrations, and potential failures.

  • Ensure that loads are transferred to the roof structure in a controlled and balanced manner.

  • Maintain the structural integrity of the roof and prevents issues such as roof deflection, leaks, and compromised performance of the entire roofing system.

However, all this is only possible if you choose the right materials for your rooftop pipe support. The installation method also plays a critical role herein.

Best Practices for Selecting The Best Roof Pipe Supports

Before selecting roof pipe supports, it is vital to conduct a comprehensive site assessment. This assessment involves understanding the project requirements, including:

  • Pipe sizes,

  • Weights,

  • Locations, and

  • The specific characteristics of the roof structure.

By evaluating these factors, you can determine the type and configuration of support needed to meet the project's demands. After the assessment, here are some best practices to follow.

Material Properties & Corrosion Resistance

Material selection is crucial for ensuring the longevity and performance of roof pipe supports. The chosen materials must possess suitable mechanical properties, such as strength and load-bearing capacity, to withstand the anticipated loads.

Considering the environmental conditions and potential exposure to chemicals, moisture, or corrosive agents is also essential. You need to select materials with high corrosion resistance. This ensures the long-term durability of the supports and prevents premature failure.

Relevant Building Codes & Industry Standards

Compliance with building codes and industry standards is vital to ensure the proper design and installation of roof pipe supports. You must adhere to the requirements outlined in relevant codes, such as:

  • Load calculations,

  • Material specifications, and

  • Installation practices.

Building codes and regulations often stipulate specific requirements for load calculations, material selection, and installation practices related to roof pipe supports. ASCE 7 or other relevant local codes help you ensure that your support can handle the anticipated loads.

Obtain Necessary Permits & Inspections

Obtaining the necessary permits and inspections is a crucial step in complying with building codes and regulations. Before installing roof pipe supports, it is important to consult with local authorities and obtain the required permits.

Scheduling inspections during and after installation also helps verify compliance and find any issues therein.

Load Requirements

This consideration also includes dead loads, live loads, and environmental factors. You must carefully consider load requirements for finding a relevant roof pipe support.

When evaluating dead loads, make sure you include the weight of the pipes and associated equipment. For live loads, including any and all fluid flow or mechanical vibrations. And finally, for environmental factors, you need to consider wind loads and seismic loads specific to your geographical location.

By analyzing these loads, you can then find the appropriate support systems to withstand the imposed forces.

Best Practices for Installation of Roof Pipe Supports

There are five major best practices to keep in mind with roof pipe support installation:

1.  Properly Anchoring Supports to the Roof Structure


During installation, ensure that your roof pipe supports are securely anchored to the roof structure. This involves using appropriate fasteners, such as screws or bolts, that are compatible with the roof material. They must also be capable of withstanding the anticipated loads.

Adequate anchoring ensures that the supports remain stable and reliable under normal operating conditions and potential external forces. PHP Systems, for example, uses a zero-penetration system to ensure there is no unnecessary stress on your roof.

2.  Ensuring Appropriate Spacing & Alignment of Supports


The spacing and alignment of roof pipe supports are critical for maintaining the stability and performance of the entire system. Supports should be positioned at regular intervals along the length of the pipe. This helps distribute the load evenly.

Proper alignment ensures that the pipes are straight and level, minimizing stress concentrations and potential misalignment issues.

3.  Implementing Secure Attachment Methods & Techniques


To enhance the strength and reliability of the installed roof pipe supports and hangers, secure attachment methods, and techniques should be employed. This may include using clamps, brackets, or straps to firmly connect the supports to the pipes and associated equipment. Adequate reinforcement and proper tightening of fasteners help prevent loosening or detachment over time.

4.  Considering Thermal Expansion & Contraction During Installation


Thermal expansion and contraction are common phenomena in roofing systems due to temperature variations. You must account for thermal movements when installing roof pipe supports. Make sure that the contractor is providing sufficient space and using flexible connections.

For example, PHP Systems/Design uses expansion joints or slip joints. This allows for the natural expansion and contraction of the pipes without imposing excessive stress on the supports or the roof structure.

5.  Conducting Regular Inspections & Maintenance of Installed Supports


Regular inspections and maintenance of installed roof pipe supports and hangers help identify potential issues before they pose a material threat. Visual inspections can detect signs of damage, corrosion, or misalignment.

It is important that you ask your contractor to repair any damage as quickly as possible. This will allow for better structural integrity and performance of the supports. Regular maintenance practices help prolong the lifespan of the supports and contribute to the overall longevity of the roofing system.

PHP Systems Rooftop Pipe Supports

PHP Systems, a leading designer and manufacturer of rooftop pipe supports, offers innovative and sustainable solutions that prioritize safety and compliance. Successful installations using PHP Systems' products have demonstrated their positive impact on:

  • Safety,

  • Structural integrity,

  • Performance, and

  • Regulatory compliance.

We help businesses in commercial and industrial sectors enhance their roofing systems' performance, come rain or shine. In the dynamic world of commercial and industrial roofing, pipes play a major role in ensuring smooth operations. PHP Systems is here to help you achieve a reliable and secure roofing environment. Contact us today to learn more about how we can help!

For more information, please visit Silvery Carbon Steel Large Pipe Support.