Steel rail

Steel rails function as the core part of the railway. They serve to guide the train, bear pressure from the wheels, and transfer the pressure to rail sleepers. To support the train and facilitate traveling, the steel rail must have smooth surface with low resistance.

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Raw materials for steel rail

Commonly, rails are made of hot rolled steel and molded into an asymmetrical rounded I-beam. As steel rails are subject to extremely high stress, it has to be made from high quality steel alloy. The raw material for making steel rails has been evolving since the invention of train, including the change from iron to steel. Only when the steel rail and fasteners are strong enough, they can sustain more weight and higher movement speed.

Categories of steel rails

Generally, steel rails are graded based on their weight under standard length. Heavier steel rails have higher strength, which can support larger axle loads and higher train speed with less damage. Meanwhile, their price is much higher than lighter ones.

Steel rails in China

Crane rail

Crane rail includes QU120, QU100, QU80, and QU70. They are mainly made of manganese steel.

Heavy rail

The most widely used types are 38kg, 43kg, and 50kg. The 60kg steel rail is advisable for railways with high speed and large fright volume.

Light rail

Under GB (China national standard), light rail can be classified into 9, 12, 15, 22, and 30kg/m. According to YB (metallurgy Department Standard), there are 8, 18, 24kg/m and other types.

Steel rails of International standards

In terms of the international standard, steel rails can be classified into more types. For instance, ASCE series of America, BS series of British, JIS series of Japan, DIN series of Germany, and UIC series of International Union of Railways.

UIC860-O standard steel rail/UIC54 steel rail

• Size: UIC54, UIC60
• Standard: UIC860-o standard, EN--1
• Material: 900A/
• Length: 12-25m

UIC 860 Standard Rails SIZE DIMENSION (mm) WEIGHT (kg/m) A B C t UIC 54 70 159 16 54.43 UIC 60 74.3 172 16.5 60.21

BS11- standard steel rail

• Size: BS50'O', BS60A, BS60R,BS70A, BS75A, BS75R,BS80A,BS80R, BS90A,BS100A, BS113A
• Standard: BS11- standard
• Material: 700/900A
• Length: 8-25m

BS11: Standard Rails SIZE DIMENSION (mm) WEIGHT (kg/m) A B C t 50O 52.39 100.01 100.1 10.32 24.833 60A 57.15 114.3 109.54 11.11 30.618 60R 57.15 114.3 109.54 11.11 29.822 70A 60.32 123.82 111.12 12.3 34.807 75A 61.91 128.59 114.3 12.7 37.455 75R 61.91 128.59 122.24 13.1 37.041 80A 63.5 133.35 117.47 13.1 39.761 80R 63.5 133.35 127 13.49 39.674 90A 66.67 142.88 127 13.89 45.099 100A 69.85 152.4 133.35 15.08 50.182 113A 69.85 158.75 139.7 20 56.398

American standard steel rail

• Size: ASCE25, ASCE30, ASCE40,ASCE60, ASCE75, ASCE85, ASCE90, ASCE115, ASCE136, ASCE175
• Standard: ASTM standard, AREMA standard
• Material: 700/900A/
• Length: 6-12m, 12-25m

SIZE DIMENSION (mm) WEIGHT (kg/m) A B C t ASCE 25 38.1 69.85 69.85 7.54 12.4 ASCE 30 42.86 79.38 79.38 8.33 14.88 ASCE 40 47.62 88.9 88.9 9.92 19.84 ASCE 60 60.32 107.95 107.95 12.3 29.76 ASCE 75 62.71 122.24 122.24 13.49 37.2 ASCE 85 65.09 131.76 131.76 14.29 42.17 ASCE 90 65.09 142.88 130.18 14.29 44.65 ASCE 115 69.06 168.28 139.7 15.88 56.9 ASCE 136 74.61 185.74 152.4 17.46 67.41 ASCE 175 109.86 152.4 152.4 38.1 86.8

JIS E / standard steel rail

• Size: 15kg, 22kg, 30A, 37A,and 50N, CR73, CR100
• Standard: JIS E-93/JIS E-93
• Material: According to JIS e standard
• Length: 9-10m

JIS E / STANDARD SIZE DIMENSION (mm) WEIGHT (kg/m) A B C t JIS 15KG 42.86 79.37 79.37 8.33 15.2 JIS 22KG 50.8 93.66 93.66 10.72 22.3 JIS 30A 60.33 107.95 107.95 12.3 30.1 JIS 37A 62.71 122.24 122.24 13.49 37.2 JIS 50N  65 153 127 15 50.4 CR 73 100 135 140 32 73.3 CR 100 120 150 155 39 100.2

Australian standard steel rail

• Size: 31kg, 41kg, 47kg, 50kg, 53kg, 60kg, 66kg, 68kg, 73kg, 86kg, 89kg
• Standard: As standard
• Material: 900A/
• Length: 8-25m

AS Rails Size Dimension(mm) Weight(kg/m) Material Length(m) Head(mm) Height(mm) Bottom(mm) Web(mm); 31KG 63.5 117.5 108 11.5 31.5 900A/ 8-25 47KG 70 141.3 127 14.3 46.5 900A/ 8-25 50KG 70 154 127 15 50.8 900A/ 8-25 60KG 70 170 146 16.5 61 900A/ 8-25 68KG 73.4 186 152 17.5 67.6 900A/ 8-25 73KG 70 157 146 32 73.63 900A/ 8-25 86KG 102 102 165 84.11 85.5 900A/ 8-25 89KG 102 114 178 51 89.81 900A/ 8-25

JIS standard rail is a set of specifications and standards for the manufacturing and design of rail tracks in Japan. It plays a significant role in the rail industry by ensuring the safety, reliability, and durability of rail tracks. JIS standard rail has a long and rich history, dating back to the early s when Japan was undergoing a period of modernization and industrialization. Adhering to JIS standards is crucial for manufacturers, as it ensures that rail tracks meet the necessary requirements and are fit for purpose. With the growth of the rail industry in Japan and around the world, the importance of JIS standard rail has only increased.

JIS Standard Rail Specifications

JIS standard rail has specific specifications that need to be adhered to in the manufacturing process. These specifications ensure the safety, reliability, and durability of rail tracks. The following is an overview of JIS standard rail specifications.

Dimensions and Tolerances

The dimensions of JIS standard rail are specified in terms of weight per unit length, which ranges from 22.3 kg/m to 60.2 kg/m. The tolerances for the dimensions of JIS standard rail are also specified, ensuring that the rail tracks are consistent in size.

Mechanical Properties

JIS standard rail has specific mechanical properties that ensure its durability and reliability. The mechanical properties include tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and hardness. These properties are tested and must meet the specified requirements.

Chemical Composition

The chemical composition of JIS standard rail is also specified, ensuring that the rail tracks are made of high-quality materials. The chemical composition includes the percentage of carbon, manganese, silicon, sulfur, and phosphorus. These elements are crucial in determining the strength and durability of JIS standard rail.

Surface Finish and Inspection Requirements

JIS standard rail also has specific surface finish and inspection requirements. The surface finish should be smooth and free from defects that could affect the performance of the rail track. Inspection is also required at various stages of the manufacturing process to ensure that the rail tracks meet the specified requirements.

Manufacturing Process of JIS Standard Rail

The manufacturing process of JIS standard rail involves several stages that ensure the rail tracks are of the highest quality. The following is an overview of the manufacturing process of JIS standard rail.

Raw Materials

The raw materials used in the manufacture of JIS standard rail are high-quality steel alloys. The steel is chosen based on its chemical composition and mechanical properties to ensure that the rail tracks are durable and reliable.

Manufacturing Process

The manufacturing process of JIS standard rail involves several stages. The first stage is the rolling of the steel into a long and thin shape, which is then cut to the required length. The rail track is then heated in a furnace to a specific temperature to make it malleable. The heated rail track is then rolled into the required shape using a rolling machine.

Heat Treatment Process

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The heat treatment process is an important step in the manufacture of JIS standard rail. The rail track is heated to a specific temperature and then cooled in a controlled manner. This process is called quenching and tempering, and it ensures that the rail track has the desired mechanical properties, such as strength and hardness.

Quality Control Measures

Quality control measures are crucial in the manufacture of JIS standard rail. The rail tracks undergo various tests and inspections throughout the manufacturing process to ensure that they meet the specified requirements. These tests include visual inspection, ultrasonic testing, and magnetic particle testing.

Finishing and Inspection

The finishing and inspection of JIS standard rail involve several steps. The rail track is first straightened to ensure that it is of the correct shape and size. The surface of the rail track is then inspected to ensure that it is free from defects. The rail track is then painted to protect it from corrosion and to improve its visibility.

Types of JIS Standard Rail

JIS standard rail is used in various applications, and there are different types of JIS standard rail that are designed to meet specific requirements. The following are some of the different types of JIS standard rail.

JIS Standard Rail for General Use

JIS standard rail for general use is designed for use in standard railway tracks. This type of rail is commonly used in passenger and freight trains, as well as in light rail systems. It is available in various sizes and specifications to suit different requirements.

JIS Standard Rail for Crane Use

JIS standard rail for crane use is designed for use in overhead cranes and gantry cranes. This type of rail is characterized by its high load-carrying capacity and durability. It is available in various sizes and specifications to suit different crane applications.

JIS Standard Rail for Mine Use

JIS standard rail for mine use is designed for use in mining applications, such as underground mines and open-pit mines. This type of rail is characterized by its high strength and wear resistance. It is available in various sizes and specifications to suit different mining applications.

JIS Standard Rail for Tunnel Use

JIS standard rail for tunnel use is designed for use in tunnel applications, such as subway systems and underground tunnels. This type of rail is characterized by its high strength and durability. It is available in various sizes and specifications to suit different tunnel applications.

Advantages of JIS Standard Rail

There are several advantages of using JIS standard rail, which makes it a popular choice in various applications.

Enhanced Safety Features

JIS standard rail is manufactured to strict specifications and standards, ensuring its high quality and reliability. This makes it a safe option for use in railway tracks, overhead cranes, mining operations, and other applications.

Durability and Reliability

JIS standard rail is made of high-quality materials and undergoes a strict manufacturing process, which makes it durable and reliable. It can withstand heavy loads and constant use, making it a long-lasting option for various applications.

Cost-effectiveness

JIS standard rail is a cost-effective option compared to other types of rail. Its high durability and reliability mean that it requires less maintenance and replacement over time, resulting in cost savings in the long run.

Conclusion

In conclusion, JIS standard rail is a high-quality and reliable option for use in various applications, particularly in the rail industry. The article covered key points such as the specifications, manufacturing process, types, and advantages of JIS standard rail. It also highlighted the importance of adhering to JIS standards and the significance of JIS standard rail in the rail industry. Overall, JIS standard rail offers enhanced safety features, durability and reliability, and cost-effectiveness. It is expected to continue playing a critical role in the rail industry, providing a stable and safe foundation for trains and other vehicles to run on.

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