Overview
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Both Inconel 625 and Hastelloy C-276 are nickel-chromium-molybdenum based alloys. They all have excellent corrosion resistance and good strength.
Comparing the two alloys, Inconel 625 has a higher chromium content, while Hastelloy C-276 has a higher molybdenum content. This makes them different in corrosion resistance in different environments.
This article will compare these two alloys in detail from various aspects.
Basic Information
Inconel 625
UNS N06625
W.Nr. 2.4856
INCONEL®
Nickel
Chromium
Molybdenum
Niobium
Solid Solution
Strengthened Alloy
8.44 g/cm³
High Temperature
Hastelloy C-276
UNS N10276
W.Nr. 2.4819
HASTELLOY®
Nickel
Chromium
Molybdenum
Solid Solution
Strengthened Alloy
8.89 g/cm³
High Temperature
Introduction
INCONEL® nickel-chromium alloy 625 (UNS N06625 / W.Nr. 2.4856) is used for its high strength, excellent fabricability (including joining), and outstanding corrosion resistance. Service temperatures range from cryogenic to 1800°F (982°C).
HASTELLOY® C-276 alloy (UNS N10276) was the first wrought, nickel-chromium-molybdenum material to alleviate concerns over welding (by virtue of extremely low carbon and silicon contents). As such, it was widely accepted in the chemical process and associated industries, and now has a 50-year-old track record of proven performance in a vast number of corrosive chemicals.
Chemical Composition
625
C-276
625
C-276
625
C-276
625
C-276
625
C-276
625
C-276
625
C-276
625
C-276
625
C-276
625
C-276
625
C-276
625
C-276
625
C-276
625
C-276
625
C-276
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625
C-276
625
C-276
Corrosion Resistance
Oxidation Resistance
Reduction Resistance
The nickel and iron content of Inconel 625 and Hastelloy C-276 are very close. The main difference between them is chromium and molybdenum.
625
C-276
Alloy 625 has more chromium content than alloy C-276, and chromium is shown as oxidation resistance in terms of corrosion resistance. This makes Inconel 625 has better corrosion resistance in oxidizing environments (such as concentrated sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc.).
625
C-276
In contrast, alloy C-276 has more molybdenum content than alloy 625. The molybdenum element can play a very good anti-reduction effect. In some reducing environments (such as: hydrochloric acid, hydrogen sulfuric acid), alloy C-276 has better performance.
Mechanical Behavior
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Inconel 625 and Hastelloy C-276 are both solid solution strengthened alloys, with little difference in mechanical properties. It's just that they mainly use different solid solution strengthening elements.
625
C-276
625
C-276
There is a certain amount of niobium and tantalum in alloy 625, and the solid solution strengthening effect of niobium and tantalum is very good. This brings very good strength to alloy 625.
At the same time, in alloy 625, niobium and tantalum have a small amount of precipitation strengthening effect (generally alloy 625 does not do aging treatment), which further ensures the strength of the alloy.
625
C-276
625
C-276
Unlike alloy 625, alloy C-276 mainly relies on solid solution strengthening of tungsten and molybdenum. The atomic radii of tungsten and molybdenum are also very large, so their strengthening effect on alloy C-276 is also very obvious.
Physical Properties
Physical properties of alloy 625 and alloy 718 Inconel 625 Inconel 718 Density, g/cm³ 8.44 8.89 Density, lb/in.³ 0.305 0.321 Melting Range, °F 2350-2460 2415-2500 Melting Range, °C 1290-1350 1323-1371Application
It can be seen that both alloys have very wide applications. And their application range is very close to a large extent. But this does not mean that the two alloys can be substituted for each other. In the same application, we should also choose different alloys according to the application environment.
For example, in oil & gas applications, the underground environment of different oil fields is very different. Some oil fields are in an oxidizing environment, in this case Inconel 625 is more suitable. For oil fields in reducing environments, Hastelloy C-276 should be used.
Supported Products
Main Standards
Seamless Pipe and Tube: ASTM B444, ASTM B829
Welded Pipe: ASTM B705, ASTM B775
Welded Tube: ASTM B704, ASTM B751
Welded Fittings: ASTM B366
Rod and Bar: ASTM B446
Forgings: ASTM B564
Plate, Sheet, and Strip: ASTM B443
Seamless Pipe and Tube: ASTM B622, ASTM B983
Welded Pipe: ASTM B619
Welded Tube: ASTM B626
Fittings: ASTM B366, ASTM B462
Billet, Rod and Bar: ASTM B574
Forgings: ASTM B564, ASTM B462
Plate, Sheet, and Strip: ASTM B575
Price
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Generally speaking, the price of molybdenum will be a little higher than that of chromium, so the price of Hastelloy C-276 will be slightly higher. But overall, their prices are not much different.
Conclusion
Both Inconel 625 and Hastelloy C-276 have good corrosion resistance. Inconel 625 is more suitable for oxidizing environments. Hastelloy C-276 is more suitable for reducing environments.
Both alloys are solid solution strengthened alloys. Although the elements that play a solid solution strengthening effect are different, overall the mechanical properties of the two are not much different.
The application ranges of the two alloys are similar, but they play different roles in the same application.
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Introduction
Chemical Composition
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Thermal Properties
Other Designations
Fabrication and Heat Treatment
Annealing
Cold Working
Welding
Forging
Forming
Machinability
Heat Treatment
Hardening
Hot Working
Aging
Applications
Super alloys or high performance alloys are available in a variety of shapes and contain elements in different combinations to obtain a specific result. These alloys are of three types that include iron-based, cobalt-based and nickel-based alloys. The nickel-based and cobalt-based super alloys are available as cast or wrought based alloys according to composition and application.
Super alloys have good oxidation and creep resistance and can be strengthened by precipitation hardening, solid-solution hardening and work hardening methods. They can also function under high mechanical stress and high temperatures and also in places that require high surface stability.
HASTELLOY(r) C276 is a wrought corrosion-resistant alloy that resists the development of grain boundary precipitates that degrade corrosion resistance.
The following datasheet provides an overview of HASTELLOY(r) C276.
The chemical composition of HASTELLOY(r) C276 is outlined in the following table.
Element Content (%) Nickel, Ni 57 Molybdenum, Mo 15-17 Chromium, Cr 14.5-16.5 Iron, Fe 4-7 Tungsten, W 3-4.50 Cobalt, Co 2.50 Manganese, Mn 1 Vanadium, V 0.35 Silicon, Si 0.080 Phosphorous, P 0.025 Carbon, C 0.010 Sulfur, S 0.010The following table shows the physical properties of HASTELLOY(r) C276.
Properties Metric Imperial Density 8.89 g/cm³ 0.321 lb/in³ Melting point 1371°C 2500°FThe mechanical properties of HASTELLOY(r) C276 are displayed in the following table.
Properties Metric Imperial Tensile strength (@thickness 4.80-25.4 mm, 538°C/@thickness 0.189-1.00 in, 1000°F) 601.2 MPa 87200 psi Yield strength (0.2% offset, @thickness 2.40 mm, 427°C/@thickness 0.0945 in, 801°F) 204.8 MPa 29700 psi Elastic modulus (RT) 205 GPa 29700 ksi Elongation at break (in 50.8 mm, @thickness 1.60-4.70 mm, 204°C/@thickness 0.0630-0.185 in, 399°F) 56% 56% Hardness, Rockwell B (plate) 87 87The thermal properties of HASTELLOY(r) C276 are given in the following table.
Properties Metric Imperial Thermal expansion co-efficient (@24-93°C/75.2-199°F) 11.2 µm/m°C 6.22 µin/in°F Thermal conductivity (-168 °C) 7.20 W/mK 50.0 BTU in/hr.ft².°FEquivalent materials to HASTELLOY(r) C276 are as follows.
ASTM B366 ASTM B574 ASTM B622 ASTM F467 DIN 2.4819 ASTM B575 ASTM B626 ASTM B619 ASTM F468HASTELLOY(r) C276 is generally used in the solution treated condition. This alloy is soaked at 1121°C (2050°F) and then quenched in a rapid manner.
Conventional cold working procedures are used for cold working HASTELLOY(r).
HASTELLOY(r) C276 is capable of being welded by the commonly used welding methods. During the welding process excessive input of heat should be avoided. For corrosive applications this alloy is capable of being used in the “as-welded” condition without the need for more heat treatment.
Conventional methods are used to forge or hot-upset HASTELLOY(r) C276.
HASTELLOY(r) C276 can be formed by being cold worked using conventional techniques.
HASTELLOY(r) C276 has good machinability characteristic.
HASTELLOY(r) C276 is solution heat treated at 1121°C (2050°F) and then quenched rapidly. In case of forging or hot forming, the parts should first be solution heat treated before usage.
HASTELLOY(r) C276 is cold worked to be hardened.
Super alloy HASTELLOY(r) C276 is capable of being extruded or hot formed. After the hot forming process, this alloy should be solution heat treated.
Aging is not performed for HASTELLOY(r) C276 that is utilized in a solution treated condition.
HASTELLOY(r) C276 is used for desulphurization of flue gas equipment and for chemical process equipment.
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