Hydraulic Fracturing&#;5 Things to Know About Risk in Wastewater Recycling
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1) Operators need to establish treatment targets. To minimize the risk of choosing the wrong equipment for the job, and gain a performance guarantee, well operators should provide equipment suppliers with both the influent water chemistry and the specific output treatment objectives (as determined in cooperation with the well stimulation company). Due to the diversity and complexity of hydraulic fracturing fluids going into a well and the flowback and produced water coming out, there is no single technology available to handle all the contingencies. Knowing in advance exactly what fluids are composed of in the beginning and what treatment goals must be met at the end can help to eliminate both inadequate treatment and costly overtreatment.
2) Flowback water is preferable to produced water for recycling. About 20 to 50 percent of the injected volume of hydraulic fracturing fluid is recovered during the first few weeks of well production and is known as flowback. Because it is in the ground for much less time then produced water, flowback is much closer in chemical makeup to the initial feed water and can be recycled using fewer treatment technologies generally requiring less cost. It is also important to understand that produced water can vary considerably from play to play and well to well, a reality that would require treatment systems that can handle often significantly different influent water components.
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3) Choose the flowback fluid that is easiest to recycle. Based on current industry practices, there are three primary types of hydraulic fracturing fluids: slickwater, linear gels and cross-linked gels. Although all are generally composed of >95-percent water, the greatest difference between the three is their relative viscosity, which can range from slightly more viscous than salt water to a viscosity that is more like honey. As a rule of thumb, while the more viscous hydraulic fracturing fluids can transport a greater amount of proppant, this greater viscosity also requires more complex chemical formulations. So the fewer chemicals added, the less treatment is required, making slickwater the most cost-effect and lowest risk fluid to initiate a wastewater recycling program.
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4) Choose pit-treatment technologies over in-line treatment technologies. Of the two approaches, pit treatment offers the least risk of insufficient fracturing or proppant screen-out during the hydraulic fracturing operation. Unlike in-line treatment, pit treatment provides the opportunity to measure the water chemistry in advance to assess its compatibility with the intended hydraulic fracturing fluid as well as with the formation being drilled.
5) Keep in mind what the treatment technology can and cannot accomplish. For example, while the pit treatment of slickwater can save plenty over the costs of freshwater sourcing, transportation and wastewater disposal, the resulting water must still meet several requirements:
Proppant Market
&#;Proppant Market: Exactitude Consultancy Research Report Offers Comprehensive Industry Overview and Future Projections&#;
Rising energy demand and shale gas exploration are driving increased proppant usage, essential for efficient hydraulic fracturing in oil and gas&#;&#; Exactitude Consultancy
LUTON, BEDFORDSHIRE, UNITED KINGDOM, August 28, /EINPresswire.com/ -- &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;:
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
The analysis of the proppant industry shows a promising future because of the increasing hydraulic fracturing operations. Numerous countries and companies are eager to invest in exploring undeveloped hydrocarbon deposits. Unconventional hydrocarbons provide a reliable energy source to satisfy the increasing need for oil and gas. Hydraulic fracturing is employed for the exploration of shale gas, tight gas, coal-bed methane gas, and other resources. Proppant is utilized to maintain the fractures open, ensuring they remain effective channels for fluid flow in the exploration process. They play a vital role in ensuring that fracture conductivity and connectivity remain at elevated levels. Proppants are available in various shapes and sizes to suit different situations. Lately, there has been a rise in the need for proppant as the demand for natural gas, a cleaner-burning fossil fuel, continues to grow.
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https://exactitudeconsultancy.com/reports//proppant-market/
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The Proppant market supports a range of applications, including supply chain analytics, risk analysis, demand forecasting, and vendor management. Solutions in this market encompass various modules such as financial surveys, real-time and batch data analysis, category management, and compliance management. Implementing these modules enhances data optimization, automates data cleansing, and facilitates sourcing category analysis.
&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;: Carbo Ceramics Inc., JSC Borovichi Refractories Plant, Saint-Gobain Proppant Inc., Hi-Crush Partners LP, Hexion Inc., U.S. Silica Holdings Inc., Mineração Curimbaba Ltda, Yixing Orient Petroleum Proppant Co., Ltd., Fairmount Santrol Holdings Inc., and China Gengsheng Minerals, Inc., and others.
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&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;, Atlas Energy Solutions Inc., a company specializing in renewable energy solutions, entered into an agreement with Hi Crush Inc. to acquire the latter&#;s North American logistics operations and proppant production assets
&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;, Nureva has announced the appointment of AV Supply Group as its Australian distributor. Nureva's audio conferencing products were first introduced to the New Zealand market in , and the group's expansion into Australia recognizes the demand from the shift to hybrid working and learning models.
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The use of horizontal drilling and multistage fracturing technologies has revolutionized oil and gas production on a global scale. Exploration and production companies are testing higher amounts of sand per stage in their horizontal wells, with expectations for this trend to increase over time. Since , the average amount of sand used per horizontal well has tripled and is expected to continue rising due to longer laterals and increased loading per lateral foot. Technologies have been created to boost the utilization of natural sand/frac sand over ceramic sand, leading to a surge in the need for proppants for drilling. Utilizing frac sand cuts down the raw material expense by over 50%. As a result, significant shale formations are available for testing and implementing new tools and technologies that are promoting the use of natural sand in hydraulic fracturing.
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Ceramic proppants are a man-made material created through a high-energy manufacturing process involving sintered bauxite, kaolin, and magnesium silicate or combinations of bauxite and kaolin. The manufacturing process is intricate because the proppants need to be consistent in size, shape, sphericity, and roundness in order to achieve increased porosity and permeability of the proppant bed. Ceramic proppants exhibit greater strength and crush resistance compared to frac sand, capable of enduring closure stresses of up to 20,000 psi. Ceramic proppants are more expensive compared to uncoated or resin-coated proppants due to being an engineered product with a more intricate manufacturing process. The cost of ceramic proppants is approximately 50% greater than frac sand.
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https://exactitudeconsultancy.com/reports//proppant-market/#request-a-sample
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Proppant Market By Type, -, (USD Billion, Kilotons)
Frac Sand
Resin-Coated Proppants
Ceramic Proppants
Proppant Market By Application, -, (USD Billion, Kilotons)
Shale Gas
Tight Gas
Coalbed Methane
Others
Proppant Market By Ceramic Proppant, -, (USD Billion, Kilotons)
High Strength Ceramic Proppants
Intermediate Strength Ceramic Proppants
Light Weight Ceramic Proppants
Others
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In , the frac sand category dominated the market with a market share exceeding 50% and is expected to maintain its lead in the forecast period. Their crush-resistant quality allows the petroleum industry to use them for fracking. Ceramic proppants have a higher crush strength than sand, making them more suitable for wells with lower closure stresses where sand is not effective. This causes ceramic to be one of the market categories that is growing quickly.
For more information, please visit sourcing hydraulic fracturing proppant.
In the process of hydraulic fracturing, resin-coated proppants are used to enhance the conductivity of fractures, prevent formation particles from moving towards the wellbore, stop proppant flow back, minimize loss of fracture permeability due to crushing or embedment, and maintain long-term fracture permeability. Throughout the forecasted time frame, it is expected that the industry will greatly gain from these factors.
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North America is a significant proppant consumer and is anticipated to see ongoing growth in the coming years. The increase is credited to higher use of hydraulic fracturing for extracting unconventional gases. Consistent hydraulic fracturing in Russia is fueling the growth of the proppant market in Europe. The Asia Pacific region is seeing a significant increase in exploration and production activities in order to keep up with the rising need for hydrocarbons. China and India are the top users of fossil fuels globally. The government and private companies are continuously funding E&P projects to keep up with the increasing need for fossil fuels, which could support the industry. Currently, the Middle East possesses 50% of the world's traditional oil reserves and 40% of its gas. There is substantial potential due to the rise in investment in extracting undiscovered hydrocarbons.
Europe is projected to experience the highest CAGR growth in the forecast period due to the rise in natural gas production and petroleum product development. Moreover, anticipated growth in the market in the region is attributed to favorable government policies and a positive stance on natural resources.
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https://exactitudeconsultancy.com/reports//polymer-processing-aid-market/
[The polymer processing aid market is expected to grow at 4 % CAGR from to . It is expected to reach above USD 2.66 billion by from USD 1.64 billion in .]
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https://exactitudeconsultancy.com/reports//antistatic-coatings-market/
[The global antistatic coatings market is projected to reach USD 755.63 million by from USD 475.96 million in , at a CAGR of 5.3% during the forecast period -.]
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https://exactitudeconsultancy.com/reports//micro-perforated-films-market/
[The global micro-perforated films market is expected to grow at 4.10% CAGR from -. It is expected to reach above 1.91 USD billion by from 1.35 USD billion in .]
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https://exactitudeconsultancy.com/reports//frp-tank-market/
[The FRP tank market is expected to grow at 4.6% CAGR from -. It is expected to reach above USD 3.30 Billion by from USD 2.2 Billion in .]
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https://exactitudeconsultancy.com/reports//ceramic-balls-market/
[The global ceramic balls market is expected to grow at 9.2% CAGR from to . It is expected to reach above USD 1.28 billion by from USD 0.58 billion in .]
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https://exactitudeconsultancy.com/reports//medical-elastomer-market/
[The Global Medical Elastomer Market Is Designed to Grow At 8 % CAGR From to . It Is Expected to Reach Above USD 97.8 Billion By From USD 58.9 Billion In .]
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https://exactitudeconsultancy.com/reports//petroleum-resin-market/
[The global petroleum resin market size is expected to grow at more than 7.03% CAGR from -. It is expected to reach above USD 5.07 billion by from a little above USD 2.75 billion in .]
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https://exactitudeconsultancy.com/reports//fluoropolymer-coating-market/
[The fluoropolymer coating market is expected to grow at 5.8% CAGR from to . It is expected to reach above USD 11.20 billion by from USD 6.74 billion in .]
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https://exactitudeconsultancy.com/reports//hybrid-adhesives-hybrid-sealants-market/
[The hybrid adhesives & hybrid sealants market is expected to grow at 8.14 % CAGR from to . It is expected to reach above USD 13.67 Billion by from USD 6.76 Billion in .]
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https://exactitudeconsultancy.com/reports//phosphine-fumigation-market/
[The phosphine fumigation market is expected to grow at 5.4% CAGR from to . It is expected to reach above USD 984.09 Million by from USD 613.01 Million in .]
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