High Purity Crucibles-Selection and Applications

Crucibles are widely used in thermal and e-beam evaporation, crystal growth, and sintering applications. The two major factors of selecting crucibles are thermal and chemical compatibility.  The temperature range and the degree of corrosion resistant vary based on the crucible materials. The common crucible materials include aluminum oxide, graphite, quartz, boron nitride, tungsten, zirconia etc.

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MSE Supplies offers various crucibles and provide custom service. Below are some suggestions and guidelines for finding suitable crucibles

Evaporation deposition

Crucibles can be used in e-beam evaporation and thermal evaporation deposition. The materials to be evaporated are placed in a crucible. It requires high temperature to evaporate the materials. Below are some applications using different crucible materials.

                                                     

Crucible

Alumina

graphite

Recommend Max working temperature

1,600 °C

400 °C (air), °C (non-oxidizing environment)

Applications

Sb, Au, Co, Cu, Ga, Ge

Sb, B, In, MgO, Cu

                                                       

Crucible

Boron nitride

Quartz

Recommend Max working temperature

900 °C (air),  °C (vacuum), °C (N2 or Ar)

°C

Applications

MoO3, Au, Sb, Al

ZnSe, AgCl, CoCl, Cs

 

Sintering

Sintering is the process of compacting solid materials by pressure or heat, which is in control of densification and grain growth. Sintering is used in many applications such as metallic powder sintering, ceramic sintering, plastic sintering etc. For example, one of the recent ceramic sintering is used in solid-state electrolyte LLZO densification and grain growth.

                                              

 

Crystal growth

Various crystal methods such as Czochralski (Cz) and  Edge-Defined Film-Fed Growth (EFG)  require using crucibles. The Cz crystal growth technology has been used for production of single crystals such as Si and Ge. The Cz method is to melt materials in a crucible and then insert a small seed crystal rod into the melt. The single crystal can be obtained while pulling the seed rod upwards.

(Li et al., )6

                         

MSE Supplies offers various crucibles that are commonly used for crystal growth.

                                            

crucible

Quartz

Tungsten

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Molybdenum

Recommend Max working temperature

°C

Melting point °C

&#;

Applications

Si single crystal

Sapphire crystal3, AIN4

Sapphire crystal5

 

Melting and casting

Melting and casting is the process of making objects by pouring molten materials into a mold. Different metals sometime require different types of crucibles for meting to prevent molten metals to attack crucible or contaminations from crucible. One of the common laboratory applications for melting and casting is XRF sample preparations. The ideal XRF analysis requires perfect flat surface. The fused bead method can provide a good homogeneous representation of the sample for solids. The fused beads are created by mixing samples that is finely powdered with a flux and heating to 900C-C in a platinum crucible. The sample is dissolved in the flux, and it is then cast into a mold. 

                                        

Crucible

graphite

Tantalum

Platinum

Recommend Max working temperature

400 °C (air), °C (non-oxidizing environment)

Melting point °C; resistant to molten metals (Na, Li, Mg, K, Ag) at up to °C

Recommend use temperature: <900 °C.

Application

Al

Lithium7

XRF sample preparation

 

MSE Supplies (msesupplies.com) is a major global supplier of high purity crucibles. Both standard and customized products are available from MSE Supplies. If you need something not listed on our website, please us at and we will prepare a quote for the customized products for you.  If you have any questions, please us at .

 

 

Reference

 

1. Huang, Y.; Merkle, R.; Maier, J., Effects of NiO addition on sintering and proton uptake of Ba(Zr,Ce,Y)O3&#;δ. J. Mater. Chem. A , 9, -.
2. Jiang, Y.; Zhou, Y.; Hu, Z.; Huang, Y.; Zhu, X., MgO or Al2O3 crucible: Which is better for the preparation of LLZ-based solid electrolytes? Ceramics International , 46 (3), -.
3. S.Akselrod, M.; J.Bruni, F., Modern trends in crystal growth and new applications of sapphire. Journal of Crystal Growth , 360, 134-145.
4. Liu, B.; Edgar, J. H.; Gu, Z.; Zhuang, D.; Raghothamachar, B.; Dudley, M.; Sarua, A.; Kuball, M.; III, H. M. M., The Durability of Various Crucible Materials for Aluminum Nitride Crystal Growth by Sublimation. Materials Research Society Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research , 9.
5. Harris, D. C., A century of sapphire crystal growth: origin of the EFG method. Optical Materials and Structures Technologies IV , .
6. Li, Y.; Sun, L.; Liu, H.; Wang, Y.; Liu, Z., Preparation of single-crystal metal substrates for the growth of high-quality two-dimensional materials. Inorg. Chem. Front , 8, 182-200.
7. Akhtar, N.; Akhtar, W.; Wu, S. J., Melting and casting of lithium containing aluminium alloys. International Journal of Cast Metals Research , 28 (1).

 

Thermal analysis crucibles serve as containers for samples used during a thermal analysis measurement. Crucibles also protect the sensor from contamination during the measurement. The type of crucible used for a measurement can influence the quality of the results obtained. Thermal analysis crucibles are available in many materials and sizes, ensuring that there will be a crucible available for any application. Considering the relevant factors of the measurement, sample, and crucible type can help produce more reliable thermal analysis results.

Crucibles are needed for DSC, TGA and TGA/DSC measurements, and in some cases, crucibles provide a useful solution for sample preparation during TMA measurements.

 

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