Please visit our website for more information on this topic.
Spools of aramid yarn destined for body armor Fiberglass-aramid hybrid clothAramid fibers, short for aromatic polyamide, are a class of heat-resistant and strong synthetic fibers. They are used in aerospace and military applications, for ballistic-rated body armor fabric and ballistic composites, in marine cordage, marine hull reinforcement, as an asbestos substitute,[1] and in various lightweight consumer items ranging from cases to tennis rackets.
The chain molecules in the fibers are highly oriented along the fiber axis. As a result, a higher proportion of the chemical bond contributes more to fiber strength than in many other synthetic fibers. Aramids have a very high melting point (>500 °C (932 °F)).
Common aramid brand names include Kevlar, Nomex, and Twaron.
[
edit
]
Structure of Twaron and Kevlar. The aromatic rings appear as hexagons. The rings are attached alternately to either two NH groups or two CO groups. The attachment points on each ring are diametrically opposite each other, a characteristic of the structure called para-aramid.The term aramid is shortened from aromatic polyamide. It was introduced in ,[2] accepted in by the Federal Trade Commission of the USA as the name of a generic category of fiber distinct from nylon,[3][4] and adopted by the International Standards Organisation in .[citation needed]
Aromatic in the longer name refers to the presence of aromatic rings of six carbon atoms. In aramids these rings are connected via amide linkages each comprising a CO group attached to an NH group.
In order to meet the FTC definition of an aramid,[4] at least 85% of these linkages must be attached to two aromatic rings.[5] Below 85%, the material is instead classed as nylon.[4]
[
edit
]
Aramids are divided into two main types according to where the linkages attach to the rings. Numbering the carbon atoms sequentially around a ring, para-aramids have the linkages attached at positions 1 and 4, while meta-aramids have them at positions 1 and 3.[6] That is, the attachment points are diametrically opposite each other in para-aramids, and two atoms apart in meta-aramids. The illustration thus shows a para-aramid.
[
edit
]
Kevlar brand aramid ropeAromatic polyamides were first introduced in commercial applications in the early s, with a meta-aramid fiber produced by DuPont as HT-1 and then under the trade name Nomex.[7] This fiber, which handles similarly to normal textile apparel fibers, is characterized by its excellent resistance to heat, as it neither melts nor ignites in normal levels of oxygen. It is used extensively in the production of protective apparel, air filtration, thermal and electrical insulation, as well as a substitute for asbestos.
Meta-aramids are also produced in the Netherlands and Japan by Teijin Aramid under the trade name Teijinconex,[7] and by Toray under the trade name Arawin, in China by Yantai Tayho under the trade name New Star and by SRO Group under the trade name X-Fiper, and a variant of meta-aramid in France by Kermel under the trade name Kermel.
Based on earlier research by Monsanto Company and Bayer, para-aramid fiber with much higher tenacity and elastic modulus was also developed in the s and s by DuPont and AkzoNobel, both profiting from their knowledge of rayon, polyester and nylon processing. In , DuPont was the first company to introduce a para-aramid fiber, calling it Kevlar; this remains one of the best-known[citation needed] para-aramids and/or aramids.
In , Akzo introduced a similar fiber with roughly the same chemical structure calling it Twaron. Due to earlier patents on the production process, Akzo and DuPont engaged in a patent dispute in the s. Twaron subsequently came under the ownership of the Teijin Aramid Company. In , Yantai Tayho introduced similar fiber which is called Taparan in China (see Production).
Para-aramids are used in many high-tech applications, such as aerospace and military applications, for "bullet-proof" body armor fabric.
Both meta-aramid and para-aramid fiber can be used to make aramid paper. Aramid paper is used as electrical insulation materials and construction materials to make honeycomb core. Dupont made aramid paper during the s, calling it Nomex paper. Yantai Metastar Special Paper introduced an aramid paper in , which is called metastar paper. Both Dupont and Yantai Metastar make meta-aramid and para-aramid paper.[citation needed]
[
edit
]
Carbon and Aramid, carbon yarn and textile, composite material, aramid glove (Twaron), cable (braided glass fibre, aramid core), aramid yarn, braided textile (aramid and carbon). Tray and samples of the textile cabinet in the Textielmuseum in Tilburg.During the s, an in vitro test of aramid fibers showed they exhibited "many of the same effects on epithelial cells as did asbestos, including increased radiolabeled nucleotide incorporation into DNA and induction of ODC (ornithine decarboxylase) enzyme activity", raising the possibility of carcinogenic implications.[8] However, in , it was shown that inhaled aramid fibrils are shortened and quickly cleared from the body and pose little risk.[9] A declaration of interest correction was later provided by the author of the study stating that "This review was commissioned and funded by DuPont and Teijin Aramid, but the author alone was responsible for the content and writing of the paper."[10]
[
edit
]
Aramid process diagramWorld capacity of para-aramid production was estimated at 41,000 t (40,000 long tons; 45,000 short tons) per year in and increases each year by 510%.[11] In this means a total production capacity of around 55,000 tonnes per year.[citation needed]
[
edit
]
Aramids are generally prepared by the reaction between an amine group and a carboxylic acid halide group. Simple AB homopolymers have the connectivity (NHC6H4CO)n.
Well-known aramid polymers such as Kevlar, Twaron, Nomex, New Star, and Teijinconex) are prepared from diamine and diacid (or equivalent) precursors. These polymers can be further classified according to the linkages on the aromatic subunits. Nomex, Teijinconex, and New Star contain predominantly the meta-linkage. They are called poly-metaphenylene isophthalamides (MPIAs). By contrast, Kevlar and Twaron both feature para-linkages. They are called p-phenylene terephthalamides (PPTAs). PPTA is a product of p-phenylene diamine (PPD) and terephthaloyl dichloride (TDC or TCl).
Production of PPTA relies on a co-solvent with an ionic component (calcium chloride, CaCl2) to occupy the hydrogen bonds of the amide groups, and an organic component (N-methyl pyrrolidone, NMP) to dissolve the aromatic polymer. This process was invented by Leo Vollbracht at Akzo. Apart from the carcinogenic HMPT, still no practical alternative of dissolving the polymer is known. The use of the NMP/CaCl2 system led to an extended patent dispute between Akzo and DuPont.
[
edit
]
After production of the polymer, the aramid fiber is produced by spinning the dissolved polymer to a solid fiber from a liquid chemical blend. Polymer solvent for spinning PPTA is generally 100% anhydrous sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
[
edit
]
[
edit
]
Besides meta-aramids like Nomex, other variations belong to the aramid fiber range. These are mainly of the copolyamide type, best known under the brand name Technora, as developed by Teijin and introduced in . The manufacturing process of Technora reacts PPD and 3,4'-diaminodiphenylether (3,4'-ODA) with terephthaloyl chloride (TCl).[12] This relatively simple process uses only one amide solvent, and therefore spinning can be done directly after the polymer production.
[
edit
]
Aramid anchor rope used on board the MV Bornholm in the port of Delfzijl, JuneAramids share a high degree of orientation with other fibers such as ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene, a characteristic that dominates their properties.
[
edit
]
ambiguous
]how?
You will get efficient and thoughtful service from sft.
]how?
][
13]
[
13]
[
edit
]
[
edit
]
Para-aramid
Meta-aramid
Others
[
edit
]
[
edit
]
Mobile phones have become an indispensable part of our daily lives. From making calls to browsing the internet, checking emails, and staying connected with loved ones, we rely on our phones for countless tasks. But with the increase in usage, comes the need for protection. This is where cases come in, and not just any case, but one that provides both style and durability.
If you're tired of bulky, unattractive cases, then aramid fiber cases are the solution you've been searching for. In this ultimate guide, we'll delve deep into the properties and benefits of aramid fiber, and why it's the perfect material for mobile cases. Whether you're a frequent user or simply want to keep your safe, you won't want to miss this comprehensive guide. So, sit back, grab your , and let's dive into the world of Aramid Fiber mobile cases today.
Aramid, a term derived from "aromatic polyamide", refers to a set of high-performance synthetic fibers that are extremely strong. Initially designed for aerospace and military purposes, these fibers feature rigid polymer chains that are linked by strong hydrogen bonds, allowing for effective transfer of mechanical stress even with chains of low molecular weight. With a thickness finer than that of human hair, aramid fibers come in a unique yellow color and can be woven and dyed into different patterns to suit various applications.
There are two main types of aramid fibers: Para-Aramid and Meta-Aramid.
Para-Aramid fibers are known for their high strength and are often used in places where strength is important, like bulletproof vests, body armor, and aerospace materials. The most well-known para-aramid fiber is Kevlar, which DuPont developed in the s.
On the other hand, Meta-Aramid fibers are known for being great at resisting heat and putting out fires. They are often used in things that need protection against heat and flames, like firefighting gear, protective clothing, and insulation materials. The most well-known meta-aramid fiber is Nomex, which was also developed by DuPont.
Both types of aramid fibers have unique properties that make them suitable for different applications. While para-aramid fibers are known for their high strength and meta-aramid fibers for their heat resistance, they share many common properties, including high durability, chemical resistance, and resistance to abrasion and wear.
Aramid Fiber is incredibly strong and durable, which makes it an excellent choice for mobile cases. It has a high tensile strength, which means it can withstand pulling forces without breaking or tearing. Aramid Fiber also has excellent flexural strength, which means it can bend and twist without breaking or deforming. Hence, making it an ideal case material.
Aramid Fiber is a material that is known for being very strong and resistant to damage of many kinds. This is due to its unique properties, which make it a great choice for use in high-stress applications such as body armor, aerospace components, and mobile cases.
One of the key properties that make Aramid Fiber so durable is its resistance to abrasion. Abrasion occurs when a surface is worn away by rubbing or scraping. It can be a significant problem for materials that are used in high-friction environments. However, Aramid Fiber is highly resistant to abrasion. Thus, gives ultimate protection to your valuable device.
Besides being resistant to abrasion, Aramid Fiber is also very hard to cut or puncture. These characteristics are particularly crucial for cases because they need to protect the device from impacts or drops. Aramid Fiber can absorb and spread out the energy of hits, which keeps the device from breaking.
Due to its impressive heat resistance, Aramid Fiber is a common material for making cases. One of the key properties of Aramid Fiber is its high melting point, which is around 500°C (932°F). This makes it highly resistant to heat and prevents it from degrading or melting even in high-temperature environments.
Also, Aramid Fiber is very resistant to fire, which makes it a safe material for cases. In the event of fire, the Aramid Fiber case is unlikely to catch fire and protects the from heat damage.
Besides having a high melting point and being resistant to fire, Aramid fiber has good thermal stability. This means that it can maintain its structural integrity and properties even in extreme temperature conditions, such as exposure to direct sunlight or prolonged use in high-temperature environments.
The exceptional heat resistance properties of Aramid Fiber make it an ideal material for mobile cases. Users can feel confident that their phones are protected from heat and potential fire hazards, providing added peace of mind and ensuring that their devices remain functional and safe to use.
Aramid Fibers also possess excellent chemical resistance. This means that they are highly resistant to a wide range of chemicals, including acids, alkalis, and solvents. This property is the best to use in industries where exposure to hazardous chemicals is a common occurrence, such as the chemical and petrochemical industries.
Aramid Fiber is also a good choice for mobile cases because it is resistant to chemicals. Mobile phones are often exposed to chemicals like cleaners or hand sanitizers. Aramid Fiber cases can protect phones from damage caused by exposure to these chemicals.
Aramid Fibers are known for their excellent dimensional stability. This means that they can keep their original size and shape even when exposed to things like temperature changes or moisture. This property is essential in precision applications, such as mobile case equipment, where even small changes in dimension can have a significant impact on performance. Aramid Fiber's dimensional stability ensures that the case maintains its shape and provides a snug fit for the over time. In addition, the stability of Aramid Fiber also contributes to its overall durability, as it can resist deformation or warping due to use or exposure to the environment.
Electrical conductivity is an important property to consider when choosing a mobile case, especially for those who work in industries where electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a concern. Aramid Fiber mobile cases are highly preferred due to their electrically non-conductive nature. Unlike metal cases, these cases do not conduct electricity, which means that they won't interfere with the 's reception or create any electrical interference that could damage the 's internal components.
As an added layer of protection against static electricity, Aramid Fiber cases are also a good choice. ESD can build up on a persons body or clothing, and when theyre exposed to an electronic device, it can discharge and potentially damage the devices components. Aramid Fiber cases can help prevent this from happening by providing a barrier between the device and the environment, reducing the risk of ESD damage.
The production process of aramid fibers involves several steps, including polymerization, spinning, and heat treatment. The polymerization process involves the condensation of an aromatic diamine and an aromatic diacid chloride to form an aramid polymer.
The resulting polymer is then dissolved in a solvent, spun into fibers, and then heat-treated to increase its strength and stiffness. The heat treatment process involves heating the fibers to a high temperature, typically above 400°C, in the presence of an inert gas.
Strength, durability, and heat resistance of Aramid Fiber are not the only reasons that make it an ideal material for mobile cases. There are also other benefits that come with it, including:
As more mobile phones feature wireless charging, it is important that cases do not interfere with this feature. Aramid Fiber is non-magnetic and non-conductive, meaning it does not interfere with wireless charging. This allows users to keep their phones protected while still taking advantage of this convenient charging option.
Aramid Fiber is also an eco-friendly material. It is made from renewable resources, and the manufacturing process produces minimal waste. In addition, Aramid Fiber cases can be recycled, further reducing their environmental impact.
Aramid is thought to be one of the best materials for making cases because it is strong, durable, and doesn't melt when it gets hot. Compared to other materials, Aramid is better at protecting against impacts, wear, and holes, while still being light and strong.
Aramid Fiber mobile cases can be more expensive than cases made of other materials, such as plastic or silicone. This is because Aramid fiber is a high-performance material that is more difficult to manufacture and process than other materials. However, the cost of aramid fiber cases can vary depending on the brand, design, and features of the case.
Yes, Aramid fiber cases can be customized to fit each user's needs and preferences. Many manufacturers offer customization options such as color, texture, and design to make their Aramid fiber cases stand out from the crowd. Additionally, some companies offer custom fit cases for specific models to ensure a perfect fit and maximum protection.
Aramid fiber is a game-changing material that can protect and last longer than anything else on your . Its impressive properties, including its high strength-to-weight ratio, resistance to abrasion, and heat resistance, make it the best material for cases.
Investing in an Aramid fiber case is not only a practical decision but also a smart one. You're not just protecting your device, but also investing in a long-lasting quality product.
So, if you're in the market for a new case, consider an Aramid fiber option. You won't be disappointed. They offer a perfect blend of protection and style, making them a must-have accessory for any smartphone user.
For more information, please visit para aramid yarn.